本文選題：農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助　切入點：調(diào)整價值　出處：《中國政法大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：美國《2002年貿(mào)易法》創(chuàng)設了農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助制度,該制度成為美國貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助體系內(nèi)的唯一的針對特定產(chǎn)業(yè)的貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助項目。與美國的制度相類似,韓國在2003年締結其第一個自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定的時候就設立了對農(nóng)民、漁民的特別援助項目。農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助,是指政府通過對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)者(參與者)提供技術、資金援助的形式,來幫助那些因國際貿(mào)易中進口農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的沖擊而遭受損害的國內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè),促進其進行技術調(diào)整和提高國際競爭力的一種貿(mào)易救濟制度。與傳統(tǒng)的貿(mào)易救濟措施不同,農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助的價值重點在調(diào)整,即通過調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結構,提高產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力,以使受進口損害的國內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)能夠盡快地適應競爭。 正文第一章對貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助的理論基礎、政治背景、農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助的設立背景做出了分析。作為一種貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助的農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助從經(jīng)濟理論上講是對自由貿(mào)易造成損害的補償,從政治背景上將是政府為了獲得快車道貿(mào)易談判權的一種補償物。農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助是一種具有貿(mào)易救濟功能的援助措施,與保障措施一同采取時,往往能對產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)生更好的救濟效果。從處理損害的邏輯上分析,農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助通過產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整的方法來解決貿(mào)易中的問題,因而又是一種“貿(mào)易-產(chǎn)業(yè)政策”。 正文第二章對美國與韓國的農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助制度進行了比較分析。援助對象范圍上,韓國制度要大于美國制度,不僅包括了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)者還涉及了農(nóng)業(yè)加工業(yè)者。援助的形式上,美國制度則顯得技術更高明,主要通過技術援助和現(xiàn)金援助的形式調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè);而韓國制度雖然采用了多種類的援助,但主要通過補貼和貸款的形式提供援助。在程序和獲得條件方面,兩國都采取了兩步走的方式,即先對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品資格認證,后對生產(chǎn)該產(chǎn)品的從業(yè)者進行援助。在資金支持方面,美國采取的財政撥款的形式,韓國則專門針對制度設立了基金,但兩者都是采取對項目實施定期授權的方式運作制度。 正文第三章對兩國的農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助制度與WTO相關規(guī)則的相符性做出了分析,其中著重對農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助與《補貼協(xié)定》及《農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)定》的相符性做出判斷。除了韓國的對生產(chǎn)者團體提供的援助可能成可訴補貼之外,韓國的穩(wěn)定經(jīng)營援助也有可能受《農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)定》下的削減承諾約束,而成為“黃箱”措施。美國的所有援助形式及韓國的其他種類援助則都不存在這樣的風險。 正文第四章對構建我國的農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助制度的必要性和可行性進行了分析,認為我國有必要也有可能建立具有中國特色的農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助制度,它將成為我國農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易法律的重要組成部分。并對提出了我國設立農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助制度基本框架,以及一些注意事項。
[Abstract]:The United States Trade Act of 2002 created the Agricultural Trade Adjustment Assistance system, which is the only industry-specific trade adjustment assistance program within the United States Trade Adjustment Assistance system. Korea established special assistance programs for farmers and fishermen when it concluded its first free trade agreement in 2003. Agricultural trade adjustment assistance refers to the form of technical and financial assistance provided by the government to agricultural producers (participants). To help domestic agricultural industries that have been damaged by the impact of imported agricultural products in international trade, and to promote their technological adjustment and international competitiveness, a system of trade relief, as opposed to traditional trade relief measures, The value of agricultural trade adjustment aid lies in adjustment, that is, by adjusting the industrial structure and improving the competitiveness of the industry, the domestic industries damaged by imports can adapt to the competition as soon as possible. Chapter one discusses the theoretical basis and political background of trade adjustment aid. The background of the establishment of agricultural trade adjustment aid is analyzed. As a kind of trade adjustment aid, agricultural trade adjustment aid is, in economic theory, a compensation for the damage caused by free trade. In the political context, it will be a kind of compensation for the government to obtain the right to trade negotiation in the fast track. Agricultural trade adjustment aid is a kind of aid measure with trade relief function, when it is taken together with safeguard measures, From the logical analysis of dealing with the damage, agricultural trade adjustment aid solves the problems in trade through the method of industrial adjustment, so it is a kind of "trade- industrial policy". The second chapter makes a comparative analysis of the agricultural trade adjustment aid system between the United States and South Korea. Not only the agricultural producers but also the agricultural processors. In the form of aid, the American system is more technical, mainly through the form of technical assistance and cash assistance to adjust the industry; Although the South Korean system has adopted a variety of types of assistance, it is mainly provided through subsidies and loans. In terms of procedures and access to conditions, both countries have adopted a two-step approach, that is, certification of agricultural products qualifications. In terms of financial support, the United States has adopted the form of financial allocation, while South Korea has set up a fund specifically for the system, but both operate the system in the way of regular authorization of projects. Chapter three analyzes the conformity between the agricultural trade adjustment aid system of the two countries and the relevant rules of WTO. The emphasis is on judging the conformity of agricultural trade adjustment assistance with the Agreement on subsidies and the Agreement on Agriculture. In addition to the fact that the assistance provided by Korea to producer groups may become actionable subsidies, South Korea's stable operating aid is also likely to be bound by cuts made under the Agreement on Agriculture and become a "yellow box" measure. There is no such risk in all forms of U.S. aid and other types of South Korean aid. The fourth chapter analyzes the necessity and feasibility of constructing China's agricultural trade adjustment aid system, and concludes that it is necessary and possible for China to establish the agricultural trade adjustment assistance system with Chinese characteristics. It will become an important part of the agricultural trade law of our country, and put forward the basic frame of setting up the agricultural trade adjustment and aid system in our country, as well as some matters needing attention.
【學位授予單位】：中國政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.1;D912.4

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