本文選題：條約法　切入點：條約保留　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：2011年5月,國際法委員會通過了《關(guān)于條約保留的實踐指南》(以下簡稱為《實踐指南》),這是條約保留制度不斷發(fā)展完善的新的里程碑。但是,保留實踐中存在的一些“痼疾”,仍未得以妥善解決,依然困擾著保留制度的發(fā)展。例如,對于相關(guān)當(dāng)事方對保留所提的意見或看法,甚至進(jìn)一步澄清保留內(nèi)容等合理要求,常有保留提出方不予回應(yīng)的情形。此外,由于對某項保留是否符合條約的目的和宗旨等問題的評估,往往留由各當(dāng)事方自行判斷,若一方對保留持肯定態(tài)度,則對于它而言,保留提出方是條約的當(dāng)事方。值得注意的是,有關(guān)當(dāng)事方可能對同一項保留的認(rèn)識分歧較大,從而導(dǎo)致保留提出方在條約關(guān)系中的地位不確定等混亂局面。 對于上述問題,特別報告員在第十七次報告中建議在國際層面倡導(dǎo)和鼓勵有關(guān)各方積極開展保留對話,在保證普遍參與的同時,更好地維護條約的完整性和穩(wěn)定性,以求在二者之間找到恰當(dāng)?shù)钠胶恻c。 我們在認(rèn)真總結(jié)保留對話的發(fā)展歷程,分析一些區(qū)域性的做法之后,可以得出完善條約本身的保留條款,引入保留爭端解決的協(xié)助機制等經(jīng)驗,為解決保留對話遭遇的困境提供有益探索。 對于我國而言,應(yīng)認(rèn)真研究《實踐指南》,積極參與保留對話,在對話中著力提高提出和應(yīng)對保留的能力,豐富本國條約法理論和實踐。同時,還應(yīng)注意學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒其他國家先進(jìn)的經(jīng)驗和做法為我所用。
[Abstract]:In May 2011, the International Law Commission adopted the Guide to practice on reservations to treaties (hereinafter referred to as the Guide to practice), which is a new milestone in the continuous development of the regime of reservations to treaties. Some of the "chronic problems" existing in the practice of reservations remain unresolved and continue to haunt the development of the reservation regime... for example, with regard to the views or views of the parties concerned on the reservation, and even the reasonable requirements for further clarification of the content of the reservation, etc., There are often instances in which the author of a reservation does not respond... moreover, since the assessment of the compatibility of a reservation with the object and purpose of the treaty is often left to the discretion of the parties, and if one party has a positive attitude towards the reservation, for it, The author of a reservation is a party to the treaty. It is worth noting that the parties concerned may differ widely on the understanding of the same reservation, leading to confusion such as the uncertainty of the place of the author of the reservation in treaty relations. In response to the above, the Special Rapporteur, in his seventeenth report, recommended that the active dialogue on reservations be promoted and encouraged at the international level to better preserve the integrity and stability of treaties while ensuring universal participation, In order to find the right balance between the two. After carefully summarizing the course of development of the reservations dialogue and analysing some regional practices, we can draw lessons from the experience of perfecting the reservation clauses of the treaty itself and introducing a mechanism of assistance in the settlement of reservations disputes. To provide a useful exploration to resolve the dilemma encountered in the reservations dialogue. For our part, we should carefully study the Guide to practice, actively participate in the dialogue on reservations, strive to improve our ability to formulate and respond to reservations, and enrich our theory and practice in the law of treaties... at the same time, Attention should also be paid to learning and learning from the advanced experiences and practices of other countries for our own use.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D993.8

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