本文選題：《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》　切入點：南海仲裁案　出處：《吉林大學(xué)社會科學(xué)學(xué)報》2017年02期

【摘要】：《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》確立了當(dāng)事方自愿選擇程序優(yōu)先與第三方強制程序補充的雙層爭端解決框架,包括附件七仲裁在內(nèi)的強制程序要確立其管轄權(quán),必須以《公約》的解釋或適用的爭端為屬事管轄范圍,以優(yōu)先適用當(dāng)事方自愿選擇程序為前提,并以不存在法定排除、當(dāng)事方聲明排除兩類排除強制程序的情況為限。南海仲裁案仲裁庭違反了屬事管轄原則,錯誤地定性和認(rèn)定菲律賓所提訴求構(gòu)成中菲兩國有關(guān)《公約》解釋或適用的爭端,并對《公約》之外由一般國際法所規(guī)范的在本質(zhì)上屬于南海島礁領(lǐng)土主權(quán)問題、中國在南海的歷史性權(quán)利的爭端以及南沙群島作為大陸國家遠海群島的法律地位的爭端,錯誤地行使了管轄權(quán)。同時,仲裁庭違反了優(yōu)先適用當(dāng)事方自愿選擇程序原則,錯誤解釋了《公約》第281條關(guān)于協(xié)議選擇爭端解決辦法與第283條關(guān)于就爭端解決辦法履行交換意見義務(wù)的條款,侵犯了中國依據(jù)協(xié)議選擇通過談判協(xié)商解決爭端的權(quán)利,錯誤裁定了菲律賓就仲裁事項所涉爭端的解決方式與中國履行了“交換意見”的義務(wù)。此外,仲裁庭違反了《公約》第297條法定排除和第298條當(dāng)事方聲明排除強制程序的規(guī)則,錯誤否定中國在南海相關(guān)海域的活動屬于沿海國在其專屬經(jīng)濟區(qū)內(nèi)行使?jié)O業(yè)權(quán)利等主權(quán)權(quán)利的事實,錯誤解釋了關(guān)于海域劃界的爭端和涉及歷史性所有權(quán)爭端的條款,錯誤地對已被中國排除適用強制程序的事項行使了管轄權(quán)。
[Abstract]:The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea establishes a two-tier framework for dispute settlement that is supplemented by the voluntary selection procedure of the parties with third-party compulsory proceedings, including annex VII arbitration, which establishes its jurisdiction, Subject to the dispute concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention ratione materiae, subject to the preferential application of the procedure for the voluntary choice of the parties and to the absence of a statutory exclusion, The parties declare that the exclusion of two types of exclusionary compulsory proceedings is limited. The arbitration tribunal in the South China Sea arbitration case violated the principle of jurisdiction ratione materiae by wrongly characterizing and finding that the claims made by the Philippines constituted a dispute between the two countries concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention, And the dispute over territorial sovereignty over islands and reefs in the South China Sea, the historic rights of China in the South China Sea, and the legal status of the Nansha Islands as distant islands of the mainland, which are governed by general international law outside the Convention, Has wrongly exercised jurisdiction... at the same time, the arbitral tribunal has violated the principle of preferential application of the procedure of the voluntary choice of the parties, Misinterpreting the provisions of article 281 of the Convention on the choice of dispute settlement by agreement and article 283 on the fulfilment of the obligation to exchange views on dispute settlement, in violation of China's right to choose to settle disputes through negotiation and consultation on the basis of agreement, Having wrongly ruled that the Philippines had fulfilled its obligation to "exchange views" with China on the manner in which disputes relating to arbitration matters had been settled... in addition, the arbitral tribunal violated the rules of article 297 of the Convention on statutory exclusions and article 298 of the declaration of exclusion of compulsory proceedings, Wrongly negating the fact that China's activities in the relevant areas of the South China Sea belong to the sovereign rights of the coastal State in its exclusive economic zone, such as fishing rights, and misinterpreting the provisions concerning disputes over the delimitation of maritime areas and disputes relating to historical ownership, Wrongly exercised jurisdiction over matters that had been excluded by China from the application of the mandatory procedure.
【作者單位】： 中華人民共和國外交部條法司;

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