本文選題：碳交易市場(chǎng)　切入點(diǎn)：監(jiān)管機(jī)制比較　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)八九十年代，全球氣候變暖的趨勢(shì)日益明顯，導(dǎo)致氣候變暖的主要因素是燃燒礦物燃料所排放出的二氧化碳等溫室氣體，為延緩全球變暖的趨勢(shì)，經(jīng)過(guò)幾十輪的爭(zhēng)論，最終在1995年聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)上簽署并通過(guò)了《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》，而作為實(shí)施這一宣言的最重要的規(guī)則之一，《京都議定書(shū)》明確規(guī)定了公約中附錄一國(guó)家溫室氣體排放總量的指標(biāo)，為實(shí)現(xiàn)這一減排目標(biāo)，碳交易市場(chǎng)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，中國(guó)雖然暫時(shí)不承擔(dān)碳減排的任務(wù)，但是作為碳減排配額的最重要供應(yīng)商，為全球貢獻(xiàn)了七成的配額，在世界碳交易市場(chǎng)上占有重要的地位。 碳交易市場(chǎng)是一個(gè)人為規(guī)定所形成的市場(chǎng)，在這個(gè)市場(chǎng)上人們圍繞碳排放配額的使用和流轉(zhuǎn)為中心進(jìn)行交易，不像其他實(shí)體商品，碳排放配額是個(gè)虛擬商品，難以監(jiān)督的弱點(diǎn)，以及人為規(guī)定形成的市場(chǎng)先天性不足，都隨著市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展表露無(wú)遺，尤其是全球碳交易市場(chǎng)所發(fā)生的碳交易丑聞，更是讓國(guó)際社會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到，加強(qiáng)碳交易監(jiān)管是目前碳交易的重中之重，為此，歐盟和美國(guó)在本國(guó)碳市場(chǎng)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上探索出了歐盟模式和美國(guó)模式，豐富了碳交易監(jiān)管模式。中國(guó)尚未建立起自己的碳交易體系，但是國(guó)內(nèi)碳交易市場(chǎng)異�；鸨�，因此規(guī)范碳交易市場(chǎng)，減少和預(yù)防風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，借鑒國(guó)際成功監(jiān)管經(jīng)驗(yàn)，培育中國(guó)的監(jiān)管機(jī)制，刻不容緩。 本文分為三章，第一章從碳交易市場(chǎng)入手，回顧在《京都議定書(shū)》框架基礎(chǔ)上誕生的碳交易市場(chǎng)發(fā)展歷程和現(xiàn)狀，并就碳交易市場(chǎng)的概念和市場(chǎng)體系進(jìn)行了界定，對(duì)議定書(shū)所形成的三大履約機(jī)制進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的分析，明確了碳交易市場(chǎng)相關(guān)知識(shí)之后，通過(guò)分析碳交易市場(chǎng)所發(fā)生的典型案例，厘清碳交易監(jiān)管的的概念、原則的基礎(chǔ)上，總結(jié)出當(dāng)前碳交易監(jiān)管所存在的問(wèn)題，有必要加強(qiáng)碳交易市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管，并說(shuō)明當(dāng)前歐盟和美國(guó)的兩種監(jiān)管模式；第二章首先分別研究了歐盟和美國(guó)的碳交易監(jiān)管模式的發(fā)展歷程和現(xiàn)狀，并細(xì)致分析了其監(jiān)管的相關(guān)法律和監(jiān)管機(jī)制，最后總結(jié)兩種模式的利弊；第三章通過(guò)闡述中國(guó)碳交易市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管發(fā)展的歷程和現(xiàn)狀，分析出當(dāng)前存在的問(wèn)題，總結(jié)培育中國(guó)碳交易監(jiān)管機(jī)制的內(nèi)部和外部原因，結(jié)合歐盟和美國(guó)成功的監(jiān)管經(jīng)驗(yàn)，，提出培育我國(guó)碳交易監(jiān)管機(jī)制的建議。 總之，我國(guó)的碳交易市場(chǎng)不僅要做大更要做強(qiáng)，完善監(jiān)管機(jī)制勢(shì)在必行，那么對(duì)于處于碳交易產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈最低端的市場(chǎng)來(lái)說(shuō)，充分學(xué)習(xí)其他國(guó)家成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并消化吸收，構(gòu)建我國(guó)的監(jiān)管機(jī)制，才能促進(jìn)中國(guó)碳交易市場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)久穩(wěn)定地發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In the 1980s and 1990s, the trend of global warming became increasingly apparent. The main cause of global warming was the burning of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emitted from fossil fuels. In order to slow the trend of global warming, there were dozens of rounds of controversy. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change was finally signed and adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1995, and as one of the most important rules for the implementation of the Declaration, the Kyoto Protocol clearly provides for national greenhouses in appendix I to the Convention. Indicators of total gas emissions, In order to achieve this emission reduction target, the carbon trading market emerged as the times require. Although China does not undertake the task of reducing carbon emissions for the time being, as the most important supplier of carbon emission reduction quotas, it has contributed 70% of the global quota. In the world carbon trading market occupies an important position. A carbon trading market is a artificially regulated market in which people trade around the use and flow of carbon emissions quotas, which, unlike other physical commodities, are virtual commodities. The weaknesses that are difficult to monitor, as well as the inherent inadequacies of the market created by artificial regulations, have been revealed with the development of the market, in particular the carbon trading scandal in the global carbon trading market, which has made the international community aware, Strengthening the regulation of carbon trading is the top priority of carbon trading at present. Therefore, the European Union and the United States have explored the EU model and the US model on the basis of the development of their own carbon markets. China has not yet established its own carbon trading system, but the domestic carbon trading market is extremely hot, so regulate the carbon trading market, reduce and prevent risks, and learn from successful international regulatory experience. It is urgent to cultivate China's regulatory mechanism. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter starts with the carbon trading market, reviews the development course and current situation of the carbon trading market based on the framework of the Kyoto Protocol, and defines the concept and market system of the carbon trading market. This paper makes a simple analysis of the three major compliance mechanisms formed by the protocol, clarifies the relevant knowledge of the carbon trading market, and clarifies the concept and principles of carbon trading supervision by analyzing the typical cases that have taken place in the carbon trading market. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of carbon trading market and explain the two regulatory models of EU and USA. The second chapter firstly studies the development process and current situation of carbon trading regulatory models in EU and USA, and analyzes the relevant laws and regulatory mechanisms, finally summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the two models; The third chapter analyzes the problems existing in the development of China's carbon trading market, summarizes the internal and external reasons for fostering China's carbon trading regulatory mechanism, and combines the successful regulatory experience of the European Union and the United States. The paper puts forward some suggestions on how to cultivate the regulatory mechanism of carbon trading in China. In short, the carbon trading market in our country not only needs to be bigger but stronger, and it is imperative to improve the regulatory mechanism. Well, for the market at the lowest end of the carbon trading industry chain, we should fully learn from the successful experiences of other countries and absorb them. Only by constructing the regulatory mechanism of our country can we promote the long-term and stable development of China's carbon trading market.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D996.9

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