發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-15 11:22

  本文選題：對(duì)外貿(mào)易　切入點(diǎn)：技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)　出處：《河北經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：國(guó)際貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的日益激烈,WTO對(duì)國(guó)際貿(mào)易自由化的呼吁,促使各國(guó)對(duì)本國(guó)貿(mào)易的保護(hù)方式逐漸將關(guān)稅壁壘向非關(guān)稅壁壘發(fā)展,而因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)擁有的先天優(yōu)越性而成為技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的新寵兒,各國(guó)以保護(hù)環(huán)境或節(jié)約資源為名目紛紛制定了繁雜嚴(yán)格的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以此來保護(hù)本國(guó)企業(yè)的發(fā)展,抵制外國(guó)產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)入,為國(guó)際貿(mào)易的自由發(fā)展造成了重重阻礙。尤其是金融危機(jī)后,世界許多國(guó)家尤其是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家為了保護(hù)本國(guó)的產(chǎn)業(yè)、提高本國(guó)企業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,借助本國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)通過制定較高的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或控制國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來限制外國(guó)商品進(jìn)入本國(guó)市場(chǎng),如美國(guó)、歐盟、日本都建立了繁雜而較高技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系。而作為發(fā)展中國(guó)家,因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)水平較低和技術(shù)水平的不發(fā)達(dá),在國(guó)際技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定中很難起到?jīng)Q定性作用,甚至參與制定的機(jī)會(huì)也很少,因此在這種窘境下,只能被迫采用發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。而發(fā)展中國(guó)家的產(chǎn)品因長(zhǎng)期按本國(guó)較低技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)生產(chǎn)導(dǎo)致無法與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的產(chǎn)品相抗衡,從而在世界市場(chǎng)上不具有優(yōu)勢(shì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。而發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入發(fā)展中國(guó)家后又沖擊了本國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,使得本國(guó)企業(yè)嚴(yán)重受挫。 技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)極具貿(mào)易保護(hù)的表象特征,并且在一定程度上也確實(shí)達(dá)到了貿(mào)易保護(hù)的目的,但是對(duì)此我們不能對(duì)其全盤否認(rèn),而是應(yīng)當(dāng)全面的分析該問題。因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不僅僅是作為貿(mào)易中不可或缺的一部分,并且在現(xiàn)代貿(mào)易中起著越來越重要的作用,已經(jīng)成為國(guó)際貿(mào)易的基本準(zhǔn)則。如果我們企業(yè)不能適應(yīng)它,那最終結(jié)果必然是被國(guó)際所淘汰,因此,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)正面看待技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并適應(yīng)社會(huì)趨勢(shì)盡力迎合國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的需要 本文從理論與實(shí)踐角度分析了WTO中技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)存在的必要性,為國(guó)際貿(mào)易作出的貢獻(xiàn),最近幾年國(guó)內(nèi)外技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)我國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易的影響,通過對(duì)比我國(guó)與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況,剖析我國(guó)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)落后的原因,借鑒發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的經(jīng)驗(yàn),重點(diǎn)在于對(duì)我國(guó)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制度的完善提供參考建議,對(duì)此本文主要從三方面進(jìn)行闡述。 我國(guó)一方面應(yīng)當(dāng)繼續(xù)完善我國(guó)的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系,建立我國(guó)獨(dú)特的技術(shù)壁壘風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范體系,將國(guó)際普遍采用的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和世界先進(jìn)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)引入我國(guó)的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系,加強(qiáng)對(duì)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的宣傳力度,引導(dǎo)教育企業(yè)盡量采用國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和先進(jìn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；另一方而,應(yīng)當(dāng)充分發(fā)揮我國(guó)行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)在技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定和實(shí)施過程中的作用,行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)作為連接企業(yè)和政府的橋梁,應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)與企業(yè)和政府溝通,對(duì)所在行業(yè)在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的發(fā)展動(dòng)向進(jìn)行跟蹤,及時(shí)將相關(guān)信息反饋給企業(yè),從而保護(hù)我國(guó)企業(yè)的利益。第三,對(duì)企業(yè)來說,在進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)中,也要及時(shí)了解出口的目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況,不搞盲目生產(chǎn),盡量采用國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和先進(jìn)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。當(dāng)我國(guó)遇到技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)壁壘的國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端時(shí),可以采取多種救濟(jì)途徑,可以采取傳統(tǒng)的救濟(jì)途徑,還可以啟動(dòng)wTO爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:The increasingly fierce competition in international trade, WTO of international trade liberalization for protection of domestic trade prompted countries gradually tariff barriers to non-tariff barriers and development, because of the inherent superiority of technical standards have become the new darling of technical barriers to trade, countries in order to protect the environment or save resources for the names have been formulated the complex strict technical standards in order to protect the development of domestic enterprises, to boycott foreign products, causing obstacles to the free development of international trade. Especially after the financial crisis, many countries in the world, especially the developed countries in order to protect domestic industry, improve the competitiveness of domestic enterprises, with its advantages in economy and technology limited foreign goods through technical standards or higher control international standards into domestic market, such as the United States, European Union, Japan has established a complex and High technical standard system. As a developing country, because of low economic level and technical level is not developed, in the formulation of international standards is difficult to play a decisive role, and even participate in the development of opportunities are few, so in this dilemma, is forced to use the standard of developed countries and developing countries. According to the product for a long time its low technical standard production lead to products with the developed countries to compete, thus not competitive in the world market. The products in developed countries into developing countries after the impact of the development of the national economy, the domestic enterprises suffered a serious setback.
Characterized by technical standards very trade protection, and to a certain extent also reach the purpose of trade protection, but we cannot be denied, but should be a comprehensive analysis of the problem. Because the technical standard is not only as an integral part of the trade, and in the modern trade plays an increasingly important role that has become the basic norms of international trade. If we enterprise cannot adapt to it, the final result is bound to be eliminated, so the international, we should look at the positive trend of technical standards, social needs to cater to the international market and adapt to
This paper analyzes the necessity of WTO technology standard from the angle of theory and practice, make a contribution to international trade influence in recent years, domestic and international technical standards on China's foreign trade, through technical standards of comparison between China and developed countries, analysis of China's technical standard quasi backward, from the developed countries the key is to provide the experience and suggestions to perfect the system of technical standard in China, this paper mainly expounds from three aspects.
Our country should continue to improve our system of technical standards, to establish our own TBT risk prevention system, technical standards will be widely adopted in the international standard and advanced technology in the world into China's technical standard system, strengthen the technical standards of propaganda, education enterprise should adopt international standards and advanced standard; on the other hand, we should give full play to the industry association of China in technology standard in the process of formulating and implementing the role of industry associations as a bridge between business and government, enterprise and government should be timely communication, the development trend of technical standards in the international market of industry tracking, timely feedback the information to the relevant enterprises. In order to protect the interests of the Chinese enterprises. Third, to the enterprise, in the production activities, but also a timely understanding of technical condition of export target market, not Blind production and international standards and advanced technology standards should be adopted as far as possible. When our country meets the international disputes of technical standard barriers, we can take various ways of relief, take traditional relief ways, and also start the wTO dispute settlement mechanism.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1;D922.1;D922.29

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前6條

1 仲鑫,王穩(wěn);技術(shù)法規(guī)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)我國(guó)出口貿(mào)易的影響及對(duì)策[J];國(guó)際商務(wù).對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2004年02期

2 傅京燕;綠色壁壘對(duì)我國(guó)貿(mào)易與環(huán)境的影響及其對(duì)策[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革;2004年02期

3 張海東;強(qiáng)化應(yīng)對(duì)技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的政府管理[J];商業(yè)時(shí)代;2004年08期

4 葉柏林;;如何認(rèn)識(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的雙刃劍作用——《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化概論》“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化與國(guó)際貿(mào)易”解讀[J];中國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化;2006年02期

5 魯籬;標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化與反壟斷問題研究[J];中國(guó)法學(xué);2003年01期

6 趙厚麟;對(duì)中國(guó)國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作的幾點(diǎn)建議[J];中興通訊技術(shù);2005年04期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 侯俊軍;標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化與中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展研究[D];湖南大學(xué);2009年

，

本文編號(hào)：1615812