發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-15 11:07

  本文選題：私人軍事公司　切入點(diǎn)：國(guó)際法律地位　出處：《華東理工大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：私有軍事服務(wù)自從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)產(chǎn)生之日起便有了萌芽,并且隨著歷史的演進(jìn)不斷的發(fā)展。近年來(lái),關(guān)于PMC在履行合同的過(guò)程中不法行為的報(bào)道引發(fā)了人們對(duì)此問(wèn)題的極大關(guān)注。二戰(zhàn)以來(lái)出現(xiàn)的越來(lái)越多的PMC使得原來(lái)的國(guó)際公約措手不及,至今也尚未形成直接針對(duì)PMC的、具有普遍約束力的法律文件。PMC的發(fā)展仍然持續(xù)進(jìn)行,而PMC在國(guó)際人道主義法上處于一個(gè)灰色地帶,因?yàn)閲?guó)際法上并沒(méi)有對(duì)他們有任何明確的規(guī)定。PMC的國(guó)際法律規(guī)制的空缺,將給國(guó)際人權(quán)和國(guó)際和平帶來(lái)了極大的威脅。而要明確誰(shuí)應(yīng)為武裝沖突中PMC雇員的行為負(fù)責(zé),首先必須要明確武裝沖突中PMC雇員的國(guó)際法律地位。也就是,按照現(xiàn)行的國(guó)際武裝沖突法,就必須考慮PMC雇員是為平民還是戰(zhàn)斗員。在提供合同軍事服務(wù)中具有平民地位的PMC就應(yīng)該為其違反國(guó)際法的行為負(fù)責(zé),而承擔(dān)個(gè)人的國(guó)際刑事責(zé)任。在這種情況下,可視為PMC的行為是通過(guò)合同、被授權(quán)行使政府權(quán)力要素的其他實(shí)體的行為,因此其行為也是可歸屬于國(guó)家的行為,國(guó)家就應(yīng)該為其違反國(guó)際法的行為承擔(dān)國(guó)家責(zé)任。而提供合同軍事服務(wù)的PMC有少數(shù)因符合“其他民兵或其他志愿部隊(duì)”的條件而具有戰(zhàn)斗員的地位時(shí)國(guó)家更應(yīng)該為這些具有戰(zhàn)斗員法律地位的PMC的違反國(guó)際法的行為負(fù)責(zé)。另外,按照現(xiàn)行國(guó)際法,PMC母國(guó)也有義務(wù)對(duì)其本國(guó)的PMC進(jìn)行監(jiān)管和規(guī)范,當(dāng)其監(jiān)管或者規(guī)制缺失而出現(xiàn)PMC違反國(guó)際法時(shí),PMC母國(guó)也應(yīng)該為此承擔(dān)國(guó)家責(zé)任。
[Abstract]:Private military services have sprouted since the day of the war, and have continued to evolve with the evolution of history. The report on the illegal behavior of PMC in the course of performing the contract has aroused great concern about this problem. Since World War II, more and more PMC have caught the original international conventions by surprise and have not yet been directly targeted at PMC. The development of a universally binding legal document, .PMC, is still ongoing, and PMC is in a grey area of international humanitarian law, because there is no explicit provision for them in international law. Will pose a great threat to international human rights and international peace. And to know who is responsible for the actions of PMC employees in armed conflict, we must first clarify the international legal status of PMC employees in armed conflict. Under the current law of international armed conflict, it is necessary to consider whether PMC employees are civilians or combatants. PMC, who has civilian status in the provision of contracted military services, is responsible for violations of international law. And the international criminal responsibility of individuals... in this case, the conduct that can be regarded as PMC is an act of other entities authorized to exercise elements of governmental authority through a contract, and therefore its conduct is also an act attributable to the State, States should be held responsible for their violations of international law. A small number of PMC, which provide contracted military services, have the status of combatants because they meet the requirements of "other militias or other voluntary forces". Responsible for these violations of international law by PMC, who has legal status as a combatant. According to the current international law, the home country also has the obligation to supervise and regulate the PMC in its own country. When the PMC is in breach of international law due to its lack of supervision or regulation, the home country should also bear the national responsibility for this.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D995

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