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  本文選題：WTO法　切入點：“藍箱”　出處：《華僑大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：“藍箱”是WTO《農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)議》第6.5條規(guī)定的對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)者進行直接補貼的國內(nèi)支持措施。但由于“藍箱”補貼完全由政府公共財政支出以及必須和限產(chǎn)計劃結合，目前僅有少數(shù)幾個農(nóng)業(yè)大國可以負擔實施。美國便是“藍箱”規(guī)則最主要的制定者和受益者之一。美國早在GATT時代便建立了如今“藍箱”規(guī)則的雛形——差價支付制度，，并聯(lián)合歐盟于WTO創(chuàng)立之時，在《農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)議》中以差價支付制度為藍本創(chuàng)設了“藍箱”規(guī)則。在2001年啟動的多哈回合談判中，美國仍可憑借其在世界政治經(jīng)濟舞臺上的主導地位，深刻地影響著“藍箱”規(guī)則的改革進程。 隨著多哈回合戰(zhàn)線越拉越長以及美國兩部倍受爭議的農(nóng)業(yè)法的相繼出臺，近年來國內(nèi)外專門研究WTO農(nóng)業(yè)國內(nèi)支持以及美國農(nóng)業(yè)立法的論文數(shù)量增多。但是將多哈回合農(nóng)業(yè)議題之“藍箱”規(guī)則談判與美國因素相結合討論的論文卻鮮見。文章便以此角度為切入點，探究從烏拉圭回合到多哈回合談判，美國如何逐步地以其國內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)立法深刻地影響著WTO“藍箱”規(guī)則的變化。 除引言和結論外，文章分為四個章節(jié)。第一章對烏拉圭回合農(nóng)業(yè)談判的成果之一——《農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)議》以及現(xiàn)行的“藍箱”規(guī)則進行了全面的解讀。第二章分析了美國在烏拉圭回合“藍箱”規(guī)則的形成談判過程中起到的主導作用以及在烏拉圭回合實施期間“藍箱”支持的使用情況。第三章首先分析了自多哈回合談判開啟至今，美國如何利用自身的影響力推進“藍箱”規(guī)則的改革，剖析了歷次“模式”草案中的“藍箱”紀律,揭示了決定美國在“藍箱”規(guī)則形成和改革中動議產(chǎn)生的國內(nèi)因素，并預測了在美國影響下的未來“藍箱”規(guī)則改革談判的焦點或將集中在特定產(chǎn)品的新“藍箱”補貼的“頭上空間”問題、“藍箱”規(guī)則中的技術性問題、美國擬納入新“藍箱”的反周期支付等議題以及在這幾個領域中可能達成的新規(guī)則。最后一章在結合分析美國受反周期支付補貼產(chǎn)品的獲益程度、中美農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易狀況以及我國糧食生產(chǎn)能力、市場開放程度等因素的基礎上認為，盡管目前在美國影響下的未來WTO“藍箱”新規(guī)則還不會對我國的糧食安全造成實質的威脅，但若決策者不在問題出現(xiàn)之前引起高度重視并采取相應的預防措施，我國的糧食安全將有可能陷入被動的局面。對此，文章從我國如何參與多哈回合后續(xù)談判（包括“藍箱”支持與市場準入規(guī)則談判）以及如何整合我國現(xiàn)有農(nóng)業(yè)資源（包括糧食生產(chǎn)與糧食流通兩方面）的角度提出了可行性建議。
[Abstract]:The "blue box" is the WTO< agreement on Agriculture > the provisions of article 6.5 of direct subsidies to agricultural producers of domestic support measures. But because of the "blue box" subsidies entirely by the government public expenditure, and must be combined with limited production plan, there are only a few agricultural country can afford the implementation. The United States is "one of the beneficiaries and the main blue box" rules. The United States early in the GATT era established today "prototype blue box" rules -- the difference payment system, and combined with the EU in WTO was founded, in "agreement on Agriculture > to post payment system to create the" blue box "rules based. Launched in 2001 in Doha round of negotiations, the United States can by virtue of its dominant position in the world political and economic arena, deeply influenced the" blue box "rules of the reform process.
With the method of Doha round agricultural front longer and the two controversial have been introduced at home and abroad in recent years devoted to the study of WTO agricultural domestic support and the increase in the number of American agricultural legislation. But the Doha round agricultural issues of "blue box" rules for negotiations with the United States combined factors discussed in the thesis are rare. This article is from this perspective as the breakthrough point, to explore from the Uruguay round to the Doha round of negotiations, the United States to gradually to the domestic agricultural legislation influences profoundly the "blue box" rules of WTO.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the article is divided into four chapters. The first chapter of the Uruguay Round negotiations results of "agreement on Agriculture > and the" blue box "rules a comprehensive interpretation. The second chapter analyzes the leading role of judge plays in the formation of the Uruguay round of the" blue box "the rules and the implementation of the use period of the" blue box "support in the Uruguay round. The third chapter first analyzes from the Doha Round negotiations opened since the reform of the United States how to use their influence to promote the" blue box "rule, analyzes the previous" model "in the draft of the" blue box "discipline, reveals the domestic factors the motion is formed in the" blue box "rules and reform produced, and forecasts in the United States under the influence of the future focus of the blue box" rules reform negotiations or will focus on the new "blue box for specific products "Subsidy" head space "," technical problems of blue box in the rules, the United States intends to incorporate new "blue box" counter cyclical payment issues and new rules in these areas may reach. The last chapter in the United States by the combined analysis of the degree of benefit of counter cyclical payments subsidies. The Sino US trade of agricultural products and China's grain production capacity, the basic factors that the degree of market opening, although the new rules in the United States under the influence of the future WTO "blue box" is not on the food safety of our country caused substantial threat, but if policymakers do not appear in the problem before a high degree of attention and take appropriate preventive measures, China's grain security will likely fall into a passive situation. This article from our country to participate in the Doha round follow-up negotiations (including the "blue box" support and market access rules and negotiation) The feasibility of integrating the existing agricultural resources (including two aspects of grain production and grain circulation) in China is put forward.

【學位授予單位】：華僑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996.1

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