本文選題：減損　切入點(diǎn)：合理性判斷　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在貿(mào)易發(fā)展迅速的今天,從事貨物貿(mào)易的我國企業(yè)也越來越多,我國適用貨物貿(mào)易法規(guī)的情況也越來越頻繁。而買賣中容易產(chǎn)生糾紛,產(chǎn)生糾紛就涉及到損害賠償,而在損害賠償中一個限制性規(guī)則就是減損規(guī)則,它的存在用以限制受損害方或非違約方不能消極等待損害的繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大,而是應(yīng)該采取積極的措施防止損失擴(kuò)大,這樣有利于平衡雙方利益,也有利于雙方間貿(mào)易的進(jìn)一步促成。文章主要分為四部分來介紹了國際貨物買賣中的減損規(guī)則。第一章為減損規(guī)則的基本問題介紹,本文主要從其概念及歷史發(fā)展、法律性質(zhì)和其背后的法理來介紹這個規(guī)則。在講述減損規(guī)則的歷史發(fā)展時,本文從國內(nèi)立法和國際立法兩個方面分別對其進(jìn)行了介紹,這也說明了減損規(guī)則的普遍適用性。第二章則論述了減損規(guī)則適用的判斷問題。如減損規(guī)則適用的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及使用這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行判斷時還應(yīng)該考慮的因素。另外,減損規(guī)則在適用時還需要考慮到合理時間的確定問題,本文在此以預(yù)期違約下的合理時間的確定為重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了詳盡的論述。本文第三章主要講述了減損規(guī)則適用的措施類型及帶來的法律后果。在這一部分中,文章盡可能全面地考慮到了可采取的合理減損措施類型,其中引用了大量案例,通過不同的案情全面地說明了不同減損措施的適用。而減損規(guī)則適用的法律后果,本文則以其對損害賠償數(shù)額的影響,減損費(fèi)用的負(fù)擔(dān)問題和適用減損規(guī)則的舉證問題三個方面進(jìn)行了闡述。最后,本文通過對我國適用減損規(guī)則的情況進(jìn)行介紹和分析,從而提出對中國未來適用的完善建議和意見。我國對于減損規(guī)則的立法規(guī)定主要體現(xiàn)在《民法通則》和《合同法》中。雖然法律條文的規(guī)定還不盡完善,但也逐漸地從開始只規(guī)定了消極地減輕損失,走向“應(yīng)當(dāng)采取合理適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧钡姆e極發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of trade, more and more Chinese enterprises are engaged in the trade of goods, and the application of laws and regulations on trade in goods is becoming more and more frequent. One of the restrictive rules in compensation for damages is the derogation rule, which exists to restrict the injured party or the non-defaulting party from waiting passively for the further expansion of the damage, but to take positive measures to prevent the damage from expanding. The article is divided into four parts to introduce the derogation rules in the international sale of goods. The first chapter is the introduction of the basic issues of the derogation rules. This article mainly introduces this rule from its concept and historical development, legal nature and legal theory behind it. When describing the historical development of derogation rule, this paper introduces it from two aspects of domestic legislation and international legislation, respectively. This also illustrates the general applicability of derogation rules. Chapter II deals with the judgment of the application of derogation rules, such as the criteria applicable to derogation rules and the factors to be taken into account when using these criteria. Derogation rules also need to be applied taking into account the determination of reasonable time, This paper focuses on the determination of reasonable time in case of expected breach of contract. The third chapter mainly discusses the types of measures applicable to derogation rules and the legal consequences. In this part, The article takes into account as comprehensively as possible the types of reasonable derogation measures that can be taken, in which a large number of cases are cited, and the legal consequences of the application of the derogation rules are explained comprehensively through different cases. In this paper, the impact on the amount of compensation for damages, the burden of impairment fees and the proof of the applicable rules of derogation are discussed. Finally, this paper introduces and analyzes the application of the rules of derogation in China. The legislative provisions on derogation rules in China are mainly embodied in the General principles of Civil Law and contract Law. Although the provisions of the legal provisions are not perfect, But gradually from the beginning only negative mitigation of losses, to "should take reasonable and appropriate measures" positive development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D996.1;D923.6

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