本文關(guān)鍵詞： 《WTO政府采購(gòu)協(xié)定》 國(guó)有企業(yè) 政府目的 政府控制或影響　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)于2007年正式啟動(dòng)加入《WTO政府采購(gòu)協(xié)定》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱GPA)的談判,對(duì)于列入政府采購(gòu)主體的范圍一直是爭(zhēng)議的焦點(diǎn),而其中又以我國(guó)龐大而復(fù)雜的國(guó)有企業(yè)為首要難題。我國(guó)基于國(guó)情的需要及對(duì)自身利益的保護(hù),在2007年提出的初步清單和2010提出的修改清單中都徹底排除了國(guó)有企業(yè)的納入。但是,這并不是最終的談判結(jié)果,也就是說(shuō)我國(guó)的承諾范圍還在不斷的改進(jìn)中。首先我們當(dāng)然寄期盼于完美的談判結(jié)果,但同時(shí)也應(yīng)該認(rèn)清想要加入此協(xié)定,必須留有妥協(xié)的余地或是足以說(shuō)服多方的根據(jù)。面對(duì)成員方堅(jiān)持希望將我國(guó)的國(guó)有企業(yè)問(wèn)題納入清單的要求,我們也應(yīng)該留有思考的余地。其實(shí)協(xié)定的各個(gè)成員國(guó)在國(guó)有企業(yè)的納入問(wèn)題上也為我國(guó)提供了一定的借鑒意義。 國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)國(guó)有企業(yè)的納入問(wèn)題上也出現(xiàn)了支持和反對(duì)的兩種聲音。有支持者認(rèn)為,國(guó)有企業(yè)的納入是國(guó)企改革、市場(chǎng)深化和國(guó)際趨勢(shì)的必然要求,是有利于國(guó)有企業(yè)適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)并與國(guó)際接軌的。反對(duì)者認(rèn)為,我國(guó)國(guó)有企業(yè)積貧積弱無(wú)法與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的國(guó)有企業(yè)同日而語(yǔ),抑或是國(guó)企既然已經(jīng)改革,早晚會(huì)完全市場(chǎng)化,則不必納入政府采購(gòu)的范圍,還有人認(rèn)為我國(guó)《政府采購(gòu)法》既然已經(jīng)排除了國(guó)有企業(yè),就應(yīng)該完全按照國(guó)內(nèi)法的辦事。面對(duì)這些爭(zhēng)論,對(duì)于國(guó)有企業(yè)的納入問(wèn)題,我們還得從事實(shí)一步一步出發(fā)。 在GPA的具體文本中,對(duì)于政府采購(gòu)主體的界定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是“政府目的”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和“政府控制或影響”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。目的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)其實(shí)是一個(gè)前提條件,主觀性強(qiáng)；控制和影響標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在各國(guó)的界定下,模糊不清。關(guān)于政府采購(gòu)的國(guó)有企業(yè)問(wèn)題上,WTO僅有的兩個(gè)案例中,又可以看出GPA管轄權(quán)擴(kuò)張的趨勢(shì),還有采購(gòu)的持續(xù)性也難以判斷。這些都需要進(jìn)一步的判定。 我國(guó)的國(guó)有資產(chǎn)在企業(yè)中表現(xiàn)為四種形式,分別為：國(guó)有獨(dú)資企業(yè)、國(guó)有獨(dú)資公司、國(guó)有控股企業(yè)和國(guó)有參股企業(yè)。前三種算是我們傳統(tǒng)意義上的國(guó)有企業(yè),從這些企業(yè)的模式中可以看出政府的影響程度。而且世界上對(duì)政府控制或影響的因素大多公認(rèn)的三者為：采購(gòu)資金的公共性質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、采購(gòu)活動(dòng)的非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及采購(gòu)活動(dòng)的公共性質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。再加上持續(xù)性因素,也許可以得出某種方法,來(lái)尋找一種較為合理的談判標(biāo)準(zhǔn),或者說(shuō)是一種稍有說(shuō)服力的根據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In 2007, China formally started the negotiation of joining the Agreement on Government Procurement (hereinafter referred to as GPA), which has been the focus of controversy for the scope of inclusion of the main body of government procurement. Among them, the large and complex state-owned enterprises in China are the most difficult problems. Based on the needs of China's national conditions and the protection of its own interests, In both the preliminary list presented in 2007 and the revised list proposed in 2010, the inclusion of state-owned enterprises was completely excluded. However, this was not the final outcome of the negotiations. That is to say, the scope of our commitments is still improving. First of all, we certainly look forward to the perfect outcome of the negotiations, but at the same time, we should also recognize that we want to join the agreement. There must be room for compromise or sufficient grounds for persuasion... In the face of a member's insistence that the problems of our state-owned enterprises be included in the list, We should also leave room for consideration. In fact, the member countries of the agreement also provide some reference for our country on the issue of the incorporation of state-owned enterprises. There are also two kinds of voices for and against the integration of state-owned enterprises in China. Some supporters believe that the incorporation of state-owned enterprises is an inevitable requirement for the reform of state-owned enterprises, the deepening of the market and the international trend. This is conducive to the adaptation of state-owned enterprises to the market and to international integration. Opponents believe that the accumulated poverty and weakness of state-owned enterprises in China cannot be compared with those of state-owned enterprises in developed countries, or that the state-owned enterprises, since they have been reformed, will sooner or later be completely market-oriented. Then it is not necessary to bring it into the scope of government procurement. Some people also think that since the "Government Procurement Law" of our country has ruled out state-owned enterprises, they should act in full accordance with domestic law. In the face of these disputes, the incorporation of state-owned enterprises is a problem. We must also proceed from the facts step by step. In the specific text of GPA, the standard of defining the subject of government procurement is the standard of "government purpose" and "government control or influence". The standards of control and influence are ambiguous under the definition of various countries. In the case of state-owned enterprises in government procurement, we can see the trend of the expansion of GPA jurisdiction in the only two cases. And the sustainability of procurement is also difficult to judge. These require further determination. There are four forms of state-owned assets in Chinese enterprises: wholly state-owned enterprises, wholly state-owned companies, state-owned holding enterprises and state-owned shareholding enterprises. The first three types are our traditional state-owned enterprises. The extent of government influence can be seen from the models of these enterprises. And the three generally accepted factors of government control or influence in the world are: the standard of public nature of procurement funds, Non-competitive criteria for procurement activities and criteria for the public nature of procurement activities. Together with continuity factors, it may be possible to come up with a way to find a more reasonable negotiating standard, or a somewhat persuasive basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D996;D922.2;F812.45

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