本文關(guān)鍵詞： 后TRIPs時(shí)代 權(quán)利屬性 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)濫用 法律規(guī)制　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的濫用伴隨著知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的創(chuàng)設(shè)一同產(chǎn)生,根本原因在于知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)權(quán)利屬性的特點(diǎn)：私權(quán)性與公共性的并存。當(dāng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)政策偏向于弱保護(hù)時(shí),知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的公共屬性即成為知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的主要矛盾,當(dāng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)政策偏向于強(qiáng)保護(hù)時(shí),私權(quán)屬性則成為主要矛盾,對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的濫用通常表現(xiàn)為對(duì)私權(quán)屬性的過分強(qiáng)調(diào)。無論是公共屬性還是私權(quán)屬性都有一定的理論依據(jù)作為支持,知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的理論依據(jù)往往可以追溯到自然法的起源。但因?yàn)樽匀环ū旧砺L的發(fā)展歷程以及巨大的影響力,它的研究者眾多,得出的結(jié)論也不勝枚舉。筆者認(rèn)為其與最初的自然法精要并不完全符合,甚至在某些地方,產(chǎn)生了“異化”,這究竟是法學(xué)理論發(fā)展的正常過程,還是被刻意的歪曲? 所謂后TRIPs時(shí)代,是指知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)問題被納入WTO項(xiàng)下,TRIPs被所有成員接受以后的時(shí)代。這一時(shí)代的來臨標(biāo)志著知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)有了世界統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并且有了統(tǒng)一的執(zhí)行和處罰措施。對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)起步較早的國家而言,是有百利而無一害的,他們?cè)缫咽熘⒁虼双@利的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被推廣至全世界。而廣大發(fā)展中國家大多是被迫納入這一體制,遵守超過他們承受能力的義務(wù)。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)濫用的后果主要集中體現(xiàn)在發(fā)展中國家內(nèi)部。這些后果出現(xiàn)的范圍十分廣泛,從引起世界關(guān)注的公共健康問題到跨國公司對(duì)市場(chǎng)的壟斷,無一不存在發(fā)展中國家為這一制度買單的情況。在公共健康領(lǐng)域,跨國醫(yī)藥公司把持著治療危險(xiǎn)疾病藥品的專利,一些經(jīng)濟(jì)嚴(yán)重落后國家,為了遏制疾病所采取的國內(nèi)政策一度飽受跨國公司詬病。雖然在國際輿論的壓力下,這些跨國公司以及發(fā)達(dá)國家政府作出了一定程度的妥協(xié),但是發(fā)展中國家為此付出的卻是數(shù)以百萬計(jì)人民的生命作為代價(jià)�？鐕驹谏虡I(yè)領(lǐng)域的壟斷行為,因其高度的技術(shù)性以及商業(yè)性,并未能像公共健康問題那樣引起世界范圍內(nèi)的關(guān)注,但是這一領(lǐng)域受知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)濫用的影響卻非常深遠(yuǎn),它不止影響了一大批中小企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營,導(dǎo)致大量企業(yè)破產(chǎn),更嚴(yán)重的是它打亂了發(fā)展中國家產(chǎn)業(yè)重組的節(jié)奏,并使得產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的重塑更符合發(fā)達(dá)國家的利益需求。 后TRIPs時(shí)代是發(fā)達(dá)國家整體獲益而發(fā)展中國家大部分受損的時(shí)代,這一時(shí)代的意義可以從多個(gè)維度來討論：首先,這一時(shí)代的來臨標(biāo)志著知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)站在了人類前所未有的高度,產(chǎn)生了世界范圍內(nèi)統(tǒng)一遵守的機(jī)制。其次,后TRIPs時(shí)代的誕生可以看成是發(fā)達(dá)國家在知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)略乃至全球經(jīng)濟(jì)戰(zhàn)略的一次巨大勝利,因?yàn)檫@一制度基本符合了發(fā)達(dá)國家的利益需求,并符合他們對(duì)于未來國際經(jīng)濟(jì)格局的規(guī)劃；同時(shí),發(fā)達(dá)國家受益的過程也是發(fā)展中國家付出代價(jià)的過程,對(duì)現(xiàn)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的遵守,超出了大多數(shù)發(fā)展中國家能力所及的范圍。最后,這一時(shí)代的到來對(duì)于中國和其他發(fā)展中國家而言,最重要的意義莫過于引發(fā)對(duì)本國知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的反思,進(jìn)而摸索和探尋出符合本國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需要的道路來。 對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)濫用的法律規(guī)制,主要的發(fā)達(dá)國家實(shí)際上已經(jīng)為我國樹立了好榜樣,包括TRIPs協(xié)議本身,也有很多可以利用的空間。從我國的情況來看,現(xiàn)有的法律在一定程度上反映了建立知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法律體系的決心。但法律體系的架構(gòu)是一項(xiàng)任重而道遠(yuǎn)的工作,不可能一蹴而就,不僅要在現(xiàn)有法律、法規(guī)和司法解釋的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步完善,更要勇于創(chuàng)新,制定專門法來規(guī)制濫用行為。同時(shí),要擺正心態(tài),對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的濫用有清醒的認(rèn)識(shí),才能使我國在未來的國際知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)領(lǐng)域贏得更多的話語權(quán)。
[Abstract]:The abuse of intellectual property rights with the creation of the intellectual property system to produce, the fundamental reason lies in the characteristics of the nature of intellectual property rights, both private and public rights. When the intellectual property policy in favor of the weak protection, public intellectual property that has become the main contradiction of intellectual property protection of intellectual property rights, when the policy is biased in favor of strong the protection of private property, has become the main contradiction, abuse of intellectual property rights is usually too much emphasis on private property. Whether it is public property or private property has a certain theoretical basis as support the theoretical basis of intellectual property rights often can be traced back to the origin of natural law. But because of the long history of natural law itself and a huge influence, its researchers concluded. The author believes that it also be too numerous to enumerate and natural law does not fully comply with the original essence, Even in some places, "alienation" has come into being. Is this the normal process of the development of the theory of law, or is it deliberately distorted?
The so-called post TRIPs era, refers to intellectual property issues to be included in the WTO, TRIPs all the members with era. In this era, intellectual property protection has been the world unified standard, and a unified implementation and punishment measures. On the protection of intellectual property rights play a step earlier in the country, is there is no harm, they are already familiar with and profit of the standard was extended to the whole world. The developing countries are forced into this system, with more than they tolerance obligations. The abuse of intellectual property rights is mainly embodied in the consequences within developing countries. These consequences appear widely, to multinational corporations from the public health problems caused by the world's attention on the market, no one does not exist for this system for the developing countries. In the field of public health, multinational pharmaceutical companies Our control treatment of dangerous diseases drug patents, some serious economic backward countries, taken in order to curb the disease of domestic policy was suffering from multinational companies criticized. Although under the pressure of international public opinion, these multinational companies and governments of developed countries to a certain degree of compromise, but developing countries pay is millions of people's lives as the price of monopolistic behavior. Multinational companies in the business field, because of its highly technical and commercial, and not like public health problem that has attracted worldwide attention, but this area is affected by the abuse of intellectual property rights is very profound, it not only affects a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises of production and operation, resulting in a large number of the bankruptcy of the enterprise, more serious is that it disrupted industrial restructuring in developing countries and makes the rhythm, to reshape the industry structure more in line with the developed country The demand for the interests of the family.
After the TRIPs era is the overall benefit of developed countries while developing countries most of the damaged era, the era significance can be discussed from multiple dimensions: first of all, in this era of intellectual property protection in human hitherto unknown height, the mechanism of the world within the scope of uniform compliance. Secondly, after the birth of TRIPs in the era of developed countries can be regarded as a great win in intellectual property strategy and global economic strategy, because this system accords with the interests of developed countries and meet their needs for the future of international economy planning; at the same time, developed countries benefit is the process of developing countries to pay, to comply with existing standards that is beyond the scope of most developing countries and ability. Finally, this era is the most China and other developing countries. The important significance is to arouse the reflection on the intellectual property system of the country, and to explore and explore the way to meet the needs of the national economic development.
On the legal regulation of the abuse of intellectual property rights, the main developed countries has actually set a good example for our country, including the TRIPs protocol itself, there are a lot of available space. From our point of view, the existing legal system of intellectual property law reflects the establishment method of determination to a certain extent. But the legal system architecture is a long-term and arduous task, not overnight, not only in the existing laws, regulations and judicial interpretations on the basis of further improvement, more to innovation, formulate special law to regulate the abuse. At the same time, to put positive mentality, the abuse of intellectual property rights have a clear understanding, to make our country to win more right to speak in the field of international intellectual property protection in the future.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D997.1;D996

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