發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-24 14:21

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 碳關(guān)稅 邊境調(diào)節(jié)稅 WTO 合法性 國(guó)際儲(chǔ)備配額　出處：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：全球氣候變化日益嚴(yán)峻,給世界各國(guó)帶來(lái)深刻的影響,是世界各國(guó)面臨的巨大挑戰(zhàn)之一。為此,世界各國(guó)廣泛開(kāi)展了各種形式的國(guó)際氣候合作,并已初步形成了以《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》及《京都議定書(shū)》為基礎(chǔ)的國(guó)際氣候法律制度體系。然而,在減排責(zé)任如何分配的問(wèn)題上,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家之間的立場(chǎng)與觀點(diǎn)分歧很大。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家考慮到“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力受損”和“碳泄漏”等問(wèn)題,試圖采取單邊的環(huán)保貿(mào)易措施間接迫使發(fā)展中國(guó)家承擔(dān)更多的減排責(zé)任�！疤缄P(guān)稅”就是這類措施的代表�！疤缄P(guān)稅”區(qū)別于關(guān)稅、碳稅以及多邊環(huán)境協(xié)定等,大意是指對(duì)一國(guó)對(duì)高能耗產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口征收的特別的二氧化碳排放費(fèi)用�！疤缄P(guān)稅”應(yīng)定性為一種邊境調(diào)節(jié)措施�！疤缄P(guān)稅”具有“單邊主義”和“貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義”的特征�！疤缄P(guān)稅”的合法性問(wèn)題與GATT1994第1條(最惠國(guó)待遇原則)、第2條(關(guān)稅減讓原則)、第3條(國(guó)民待遇原則)和第11條(取消數(shù)量限制原則)緊密相關(guān)。在某種程度上,“碳關(guān)稅”是符合上述WTO基本原則的。即使“碳關(guān)稅’可能被有些學(xué)者認(rèn)為違反了上述基本原則,但是仍然能從GATT第20條(b)、(g)條款(環(huán)境例外條款)獲得WTO環(huán)境保護(hù)豁免,尋找到其合法的依據(jù)�；诖�,我國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)放棄不斷抨擊“碳關(guān)稅”違反了WTO基本原則與“共同但有區(qū)別責(zé)任”原則的策略,而應(yīng)當(dāng)充分利用WTO禁止雙重征稅原則等規(guī)定,將應(yīng)對(duì)“碳關(guān)稅”的主要策略放在國(guó)內(nèi)法律層面上來(lái),主要可以采用碳稅、排放交易機(jī)制等措施,來(lái)保護(hù)我國(guó)的合法權(quán)益。
[Abstract]:Global climate change is becoming increasingly severe and has a profound impact on the countries of the world. It is one of the great challenges facing all countries in the world. For this reason, various forms of international climate cooperation have been widely carried out by the countries of the world, And has initially formed an international climate legal regime based on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change and the Kyoto Protocol. The positions and views of developed and developing countries are very different. Developed countries consider the issues of "damaged competitiveness" and "carbon leakage". Attempts to adopt unilateral environmental trade measures indirectly impose more responsibility on developing countries to reduce their emissions. "carbon tariffs" represent such measures. "carbon tariffs" are different from tariffs, carbon taxes and multilateral environmental agreements. "carbon tariff" should be characterized as a border regulation measure. "carbon tariff" is characterized by "unilateralism" and "trade protectionism". The legality of "carbon tariff" is closely related to article 1 of GATT1994 (most-favoured-nation treatment principle), article 2 (tariff concession principle), article 3 (national treatment principle) and article 11 (elimination of quantity restriction principle). To the extent that "carbon tariffs" are in line with the above WTO basic principles, even if "carbon tariffs" may be considered by some scholars to violate these basic principles, However, it is still possible to obtain WTO environmental protection exemption from the GATT section 20 (environmental exception clause), and to find its legal basis. Our country should abandon the strategy of criticizing "carbon tariff" which violates the basic principle of WTO and the principle of "common but differentiated responsibility", and should make full use of the principle of double taxation of WTO, etc. The main strategy of dealing with carbon tariff is put on the level of domestic law. The main measures such as carbon tax and emission trading mechanism can be used to protect the legal rights and interests of our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D996

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