發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-26 06:02

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 氣候變化 《氣候變化框架公約》 法律制度 法律對(duì)策　出處：《蘇州大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前，，氣候變化問(wèn)題已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重威脅著人類的生存和發(fā)展，這是全球面臨的最嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境保護(hù)問(wèn)題。氣候變化是指由于人類的活動(dòng)所釋放出的溫室氣體增加而引起的全球氣候變暖，這給人類和動(dòng)植物的生存發(fā)展帶來(lái)了深重的影響。各國(guó)家已認(rèn)識(shí)到該問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性，采取積極的措施應(yīng)對(duì)此問(wèn)題，協(xié)商討論控制溫室氣體減排的措施。本文的目的是通過(guò)分析應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的國(guó)際法律文件的成果和不足，借鑒其他國(guó)家的相關(guān)立法經(jīng)驗(yàn)，探討如何完善我國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的法律體系。 首先、介紹了全球的氣候變化的具體狀況�，F(xiàn)如今的氣候變暖的速率如此之快主要是由人類發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)，大量燃燒化石燃料所引起的。全球氣候變暖給人類的生產(chǎn)生活和動(dòng)植物的生存帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重的影響。主要表現(xiàn)為海平面上升、農(nóng)作物減產(chǎn)、水資源短缺、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)發(fā)生了變化和極端氣候頻繁發(fā)生。減少溫室氣體的排放已經(jīng)刻不容緩。 其次、全球氣候變暖已經(jīng)引起了國(guó)際社會(huì)上的重視，在各個(gè)國(guó)家的共同努力下，國(guó)際上開(kāi)始以召開(kāi)全球氣候變化大會(huì)這種形式來(lái)協(xié)商解決控制溫室氣體排放這一問(wèn)題。會(huì)議通過(guò)了《氣候變化框架公約》、《京都議定書》、形成了“巴厘島路線圖”和《哥本哈根協(xié)議》等國(guó)際法律文件。這些國(guó)際法律文件對(duì)于減少溫室氣體的排放起到了重要的作用。確定了應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的基本原則和三種靈活的減排機(jī)制，明確了各國(guó)國(guó)家的減排責(zé)任，對(duì)于提供的資金和技術(shù)都有了相關(guān)的承諾。但是仍然存在不足，難以達(dá)成具有法律約束力的文件，減排目標(biāo)過(guò)小等。 再次，分析了發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的美國(guó)、歐盟，我國(guó)的鄰國(guó)日本，和同為發(fā)展中國(guó)家的印度他們?cè)趹?yīng)對(duì)氣候變暖所采取的相關(guān)立法和政策。他們主要是通過(guò)制定相關(guān)的能源法，可再生能源法，能源單行法來(lái)減少溫室氣體的排放。 最后，我國(guó)沒(méi)有專門應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的法律，主要是通過(guò)能源法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)溫室氣體的減排，相關(guān)的立法體系還不健全。法律規(guī)定過(guò)于原則化，操作性不強(qiáng)；責(zé)任和義務(wù)不配套；沒(méi)有及時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)際法向國(guó)內(nèi)法的轉(zhuǎn)化。我國(guó)應(yīng)通過(guò)吸收和借鑒國(guó)際立法與國(guó)外相關(guān)氣候變化政策與立法的有益經(jīng)驗(yàn)，構(gòu)建和完善我國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的法律制度，在國(guó)際上承擔(dān)起我國(guó)應(yīng)有責(zé)任，發(fā)揮我國(guó)在國(guó)際上的影響力。
[Abstract]:At present, the problem of climate change has seriously threatened the survival and development of mankind. This is the most serious environmental protection problem facing the world. Climate change is the global warming caused by the increase in greenhouse gases released by human activities. This has had a profound impact on the survival and development of human beings and animals and plants. Countries have recognized the seriousness of the problem and have taken active measures to deal with it. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the achievements and shortcomings of international legal documents dealing with climate change and to learn from the relevant legislative experiences of other countries. This paper discusses how to perfect our country's legal system to deal with climate change. First of all, the specific state of global climate change is described. Today, the rate of global warming is so rapid that economic activities are mainly developed by human beings. Global warming has brought serious impacts on human life and the survival of animals and plants. It is mainly reflected in sea level rise, crop yield reduction and water shortage. Ecosystems have changed and extreme weather has occurred frequently. It is urgent to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Secondly, global warming has aroused the attention of the international community, under the joint efforts of various countries. The international community began to hold a global climate change conference to negotiate and solve the problem of greenhouse gas emissions control. The conference adopted the Framework Convention on Climate change and the Kyoto Protocol. Formed the Bali Road Map. These international legal documents have played an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The basic principles for combating climate change and three flexible emission reduction mechanisms have been established. It clarifies the responsibility of each country to reduce emissions, and has relevant commitments on the financing and technology provided. But there are still some shortcomings, such as the difficulty of reaching a legally binding document, the low emission reduction target and so on. Third, the analysis of developed countries and regions of the United States, the European Union, China's neighboring Japan. And India, which is also a developing country, has adopted legislation and policies to deal with climate change. They are mainly through the enactment of relevant energy laws, renewable energy laws. Energy alone to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, China does not have a special climate change law, mainly through the energy law to achieve greenhouse gas emission reduction, the relevant legislative system is not perfect, the legal provisions are too principled, not operational; Responsibility and obligation do not match; Our country should absorb and learn from the beneficial experience of international legislation and relevant climate change policies and legislation abroad to construct and perfect our legal system to deal with climate change. We should shoulder our responsibilities internationally and exert our influence in the world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D996.9

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