本文關(guān)鍵詞：試論WTO爭(zhēng)端解決程序中適用蓋然性優(yōu)勢(shì)證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的合理性　出處：《比較法研究》2014年06期 　論文類型：期刊論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 初步證據(jù)案件 蓋然性優(yōu)勢(shì) 舉證責(zé)任 上訴機(jī)構(gòu)

【摘要】：由于WTO協(xié)定中對(duì)證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)沒有作出明確具體的規(guī)定,專家組和上訴機(jī)構(gòu)在審理實(shí)踐中主要采用初步證據(jù)案件證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以確定舉證責(zé)任的轉(zhuǎn)移。同時(shí),又采用蓋然性優(yōu)勢(shì)證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來評(píng)估當(dāng)事方提交的證據(jù),作出終結(jié)性的裁決。顯然,采用初步證據(jù)證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不符合WTO爭(zhēng)端解決的程序,既沒有實(shí)際意義,又使專家組和上訴機(jī)構(gòu)在審理實(shí)踐中前后不統(tǒng)一,引起了不小的混亂。尤其是對(duì)不了解英美法的廣大發(fā)展中國家來說,不公平地加重了他們?cè)赪TO爭(zhēng)端中的舉證難度。國際法庭和各國司法審判中普遍適用的蓋然性優(yōu)勢(shì)證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn),既適合WTO爭(zhēng)端解決的程序,又有利于減輕發(fā)展中國家的證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和難度,增強(qiáng)他們勝訴的可能性。因此,WTO案件審理中盡快摒棄初步證據(jù)證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn),直接采用蓋然性優(yōu)勢(shì)證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已經(jīng)成為必然的選擇。
[Abstract]:Because the standard of proof is not specified in the WTO Agreement, the panel of experts and the appellate body mainly adopt the standard of proof of prima facie case in the trial practice in order to determine the transfer of the burden of proof. At the same time. It is obvious that the prima facie evidence standard is not in conformity with the WTO dispute settlement procedure, and there is no practical significance to use the prima facie evidence proof standard to evaluate the evidence submitted by the parties and make a final ruling. It also makes the panel and the appellate body inconsistent in trial practice, causing considerable confusion, especially for the vast number of developing countries that do not understand Anglo-American law. Unfair increase in their WTO disputes in the difficulty of proof. International tribunals and judicial trials in various countries generally applicable proof standards of certainty, both suitable for the WTO dispute settlement procedures. It is also conducive to reducing the standard and difficulty of proof in developing countries and enhancing the possibility of their success. Therefore, the standard of proof of preliminary evidence should be abandoned as soon as possible in the trial of WTO cases. It has become an inevitable choice to adopt the proof standard of probability advantage directly.
【作者單位】： 山東大學(xué)法學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家社會(huì)科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“WTO法理框架中生態(tài)文明理念構(gòu)建與中國對(duì)策研究”(項(xiàng)目編號(hào):13BFX151) 教育部人文社會(huì)科學(xué)研究規(guī)劃項(xiàng)目“中國決勝WTO官司理論與訴訟技巧研究”(項(xiàng)目編號(hào):12YJA 820030)的階段性成果
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1
【正文快照】： 一、WTO爭(zhēng)端解決程序中適用的現(xiàn)行證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)存在諸多缺陷(一)WTO爭(zhēng)端解決程序中適用證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)概述由于WTO《關(guān)于爭(zhēng)端解決規(guī)則與程序的諒解》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱為DSU)中沒有對(duì)舉證責(zé)任作出明確、具體的規(guī)定,專家組和上訴機(jī)構(gòu)在爭(zhēng)端解決實(shí)踐中,主要借鑒英美法的相關(guān)理論和實(shí)踐,發(fā)展了初步，

本文編號(hào)：1367605