本文關(guān)鍵詞：《羅馬條例III》的主要內(nèi)容及其對中國的借鑒，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

        隨著全球化的發(fā)展,國際間的人員流動越來越頻繁。伴隨著人際交往的國際化,涉外婚姻普遍出現(xiàn),過去的20年間,涉外婚姻的數(shù)量不斷攀升。在涉外婚姻中,由于夫妻間文化差異、習(xí)慣差異等等各種原因,離婚也是頻頻發(fā)生。面對涉外離婚的日益增多,國際間解決涉外離婚糾紛的規(guī)定也在不斷做出調(diào)整。涉外離婚糾紛一個很重要的方面就是法律適用問題。因為國家間彼此司法獨立,涉外離婚與各個國家的公共秩序以及國民的切身利益息息相關(guān),各國的法律對涉外離婚問題的規(guī)定有所不同,在適用法律時需要解決的是兩個或兩個以上國家的婚姻家庭法(或親屬法)的沖突問題。這些法律沖突直接影響了離婚當(dāng)事人的利益。不同的準(zhǔn)據(jù)法選擇方法會使涉外離婚糾紛適用不同國家的法律,而適用不同國家的法律則會導(dǎo)致不相同的結(jié)果。解決這一沖突是各國國際私法努力的方向。我國2010年通過的《涉外民事關(guān)系法律適用法》對涉外離婚的法律適用做出了新的規(guī)定,不過新的規(guī)定并沒有解決實踐中的所有問題,還有很大的改善空間。歐盟是一個涉外婚姻現(xiàn)象非常普遍的區(qū)域,因此,家庭法是歐盟國際民事司法合作的主要領(lǐng)域,關(guān)于該領(lǐng)域的立法,歐盟一直保持較為領(lǐng)先的水平。為了解決歐盟領(lǐng)域內(nèi)涉外婚姻糾紛,歐盟理事會先后頒布了多項條例,最新的成果是2010年12月通過的《羅馬條例Ⅲ》。本文擬評析《羅馬條例III》和《涉外民事關(guān)系法律適用法》的規(guī)定,希望能對完善我國涉外離婚的法律適用制度有所裨益。本文分為三個部分,分別為《羅馬條例Ⅲ》的立法演變及主要內(nèi)容、《羅馬條例Ⅲ》與我國涉外離婚法律適用法的比較和《羅馬條例Ⅲ》對中國的借鑒。在歐盟內(nèi)部存在兩個平行的法律體系,即歐盟法和成員國法。立法規(guī)定的不同必然會導(dǎo)致法律沖突。一般來說,歐盟的法律沖突包含三個類型：歐盟法與成員國法之間的沖突、歐盟內(nèi)部各成員國內(nèi)法律之間的沖突、歐盟法與其他外部法律的沖突。在解決法律沖突、統(tǒng)一國際私法的問題上,歐盟做出了諸多努力。歐盟成員國之間有關(guān)婚姻事項和父母親責(zé)任的管轄權(quán)和判決的承認(rèn)與執(zhí)行規(guī)范存在差異,阻礙了歐盟內(nèi)部經(jīng)濟(jì)的正常運作以及成員國之間各種人員的自由流動,不利于歐盟共同目標(biāo)的實現(xiàn)。在此背景下,《布魯塞爾公約Ⅱ》、《布魯塞爾條例II》、《布魯塞爾條例II a》依次由歐盟理事會頒布,歐盟家庭法的統(tǒng)一化程度越來越高�！读_馬條例Ⅲ》的出現(xiàn)試圖解決涉外離婚的法律適用問題,其適用于涉外離婚與司法別居糾紛。條例的核心原則是意思自治原則,通過賦予了當(dāng)事人選擇準(zhǔn)據(jù)法的自由,增強法律適用的確定性、可預(yù)見性和靈活性,使當(dāng)事人對結(jié)果有一定的預(yù)期。我國2010年頒布的《涉外民事關(guān)系法律適用法》順應(yīng)了國際私法的發(fā)展趨勢,取得了很大的進(jìn)步,但是其仍然有很多需要完善的地方。進(jìn)步之處一是在于涉外離婚的主體周延,將其擴展到涉及涉外離婚糾紛的當(dāng)事人；二是確立了涉外離婚糾紛中的當(dāng)事人意思自治原則；三是確立了涉外協(xié)議離婚方式。不足之處也有三點,一是訴訟離婚的法律適用上不允許意思自治;二是沒有規(guī)定涉外離婚實質(zhì)要件的法律適用；三是當(dāng)事人自主選擇方式不明確�！渡嫱饷袷玛P(guān)系法律適用法》與《羅馬條例Ⅲ》也存在共同點。首先,《法律適用法》與《羅馬條例Ⅲ》都采用了遞進(jìn)式的選擇性法律規(guī)范；其次,兩者的規(guī)定中均體現(xiàn)了意思自治原則和最密切聯(lián)系原則；再次,兩者都將當(dāng)事人共同慣常居所地法作為適用的首選。歐盟在涉外離婚的法律適用領(lǐng)域的最新成果非常值得我國借鑒,主要表現(xiàn)在兩個方面,首先,關(guān)于法律選擇協(xié)議的效力認(rèn)定,我國應(yīng)當(dāng)增加對協(xié)議的實質(zhì)要求與形式要求：其次,我國對離婚準(zhǔn)據(jù)法的適用范圍應(yīng)做出明確規(guī)定。

    The international flows of people were more and more frequent with the development of globalization. In the past two decades, the number of intercultural marriages was rising due to the widespread foreign marriage with interpersonal internationalization. And the divorce was also frequent in foreign marriage because of the couple cultural differences, habits and so on. As a result, solutions of foreign-related divorce dispute were continuing adjusted. An important aspect of the Foreign-related divorce disputes is the legal application problems. The country judicial was independence between each other, so divorce was much closed to public order and people’s benefit. Each counter’s provisions on foreign-related divorce problem is different, so how to solve the conflict of different laws on marriage were very important. These laws conflict directly affected the benefit of the parties in a divorce. Different methods to choose law would make different results. Resolve the conflict is the efforts in the direction of the private international law.In2010, our country pass a resolution about Law of the Application of Foreign-related Civil Relations, it had some new rules about foreign-related divorce. But the new regulation does not solve all the problems in practice, there are a lot of improve space. The foreign-related marriage phenomenon of European Union were very common, therefore, family law are the main areas of cooperation in the field of international civil justice, so the EU has maintained a leading level in the world. In order to solve the disputes of Foreign-related marriage, the European council has issued several regulations, the latest achievements is Rome III in December2010. This paper analyzed the Rome Ⅲ and Law of the Application of Foreign-related Civil Relations, and hoped to perfect the law about China’s foreign-related divorce. This paper were divided into three parts, main point of Rome Ⅲ; comparison between Rome Ⅲ and Law of the Application of Foreign-related Civil Relations; and Rome Ⅲ for China’s reference.Within the EU there are two parallel legal systems, namely the law for European Union and the law for members of the EU. Different legislation will inevitably lead to conflict of laws. Generally speaking, conflict of EU law includes three types:conflict between members of the law and national law; conflict between each member’s domestic laws; conflict between European Union law and other external legal. In solving the conflict of laws, the European Union has made many efforts. Therefore, the first part of the paper introduced achievements in the field of foreign-related marriages of European Union, the basic content and the background of Rome III. Matters relating to marriage, jurisdiction of parents responsibility and enforcement of judgments specification were different between EU member states, hindered the normal operation of the EU economy and free movement of all kinds of personnel between member states, it were not conducive to the EU common goal. In this context, the Brussels II Convention, the Brussels II Regulation, the Brussels II bis Regulation were in turn to be promulgated by the European council; the European Union family law unification degree would be higher and higher. The emergence of the Rome III were trying to solve the law applying problem of foreign-related divorce, it were applicable to foreign-related divorce and justice dispute.The second part analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the Law of the Application of Foreign-related Civil Relations. One of the Progresses were the main body of foreign-related divorce expand to the parties of the disputes; the other were to establish the principle in the foreign-related divorce disputes; the last were to establish the agreement of foreign-related divorce. But there were also three deficiencies. At the first, the law didn’t allow autonomy of mean; then there weren’t a applicable law to substantial requirements of foreign-related divorce; at last, the parties’own way of choosing were not clear. Law of the Application of Foreign-related Civil Relations was in common with Rome Ⅲ. Firstly, they were all choosing progressive type of selective legal norms; secondly, the two rules embodied the principle of party autonomy and most significant relationship; thirdly, they all chose the law which was issued in living place of the parties.The last part introduced the reference of Rome Ⅲ to China. First of all, our country should increase requirements of substantial and formal; Secondly, China should increase about choosing the time of law rules, again, our country made clear rules about the use range of the applicable law.

《羅馬條例III》的主要內(nèi)容及其對中國的借鑒

摘要4-6Abstract6-8引言9-12一、《羅馬條例Ⅲ》的立法演變及主要內(nèi)容12-27    (一)《羅馬條例Ⅲ》立法背景12    (二) 立法沿革：從《布魯塞爾公約Ⅱ》到《羅馬條例Ⅲ》12-16    (三) 《羅馬條例Ⅲ》概述16-27二、《羅馬條例Ⅲ》與我國涉外離婚法律適用立法的比較27-34    (一) 我國對涉外離婚法律適用的立法發(fā)展27-28    (二) 現(xiàn)行涉外離婚法律適用的進(jìn)步之處28-30    (三) 現(xiàn)行涉外離婚法律適用法的不足之處30-32    (四) 《羅馬條例Ⅲ》與我國涉外離婚法律適用法的共性32-34三、《羅馬條例Ⅲ》對中國的借鑒34-36    (一) 關(guān)于法律選擇協(xié)議的效力認(rèn)定34-35    (二) 關(guān)于離婚準(zhǔn)據(jù)法的適用范圍問題35-36結(jié)語36-38參考文獻(xiàn)38-41致謝41-42攻讀碩士學(xué)位期間發(fā)表的學(xué)術(shù)論文目錄42

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：《羅馬條例III》的主要內(nèi)容及其對中國的借鑒，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。