【摘要】：伴隨科技發(fā)展的日新月異,如今人類孕育后代的方式日益多樣化。歷來為我國所普遍接受的生育方式是自然受孕,而由于先天后天多重因素的影響,不孕不育現(xiàn)象越來越普遍,代孕技術(shù)應(yīng)運而生。目前,不斷深入研究與應(yīng)用代孕技術(shù)的同時,我國人工輔助生殖技術(shù)也不斷得到拓展,這不僅發(fā)展壯大了生命科學(xué),更為諸多不孕不育癥患者帶來了福音。但又不可否認(rèn)在倫理界與法學(xué)界等領(lǐng)域備受爭議的代孕對于我國傳統(tǒng)生育模式的顛覆。當(dāng)今,代孕面臨著兩大現(xiàn)實處境:它既具有極大的市場需求,積極服務(wù)于不孕不育人群;又面臨倫理道德的聲討和法律政策的禁止,頻頻引發(fā)激烈的社會爭議。作為一種潛在的社會需求,本文認(rèn)為嚴(yán)格采取法律手段全面禁止所有代孕行為是不切實際的,反而可能帶來一系列更為嚴(yán)重的問題,甚至于一些不法分子鉆法律空子,導(dǎo)致法律禁令形同虛設(shè)。因此,只有將法律“外在性”不斷地內(nèi)在化,才能起到更好的效果。本文主要是從代孕的興起與發(fā)展入手,詳細(xì)闡述代孕問題的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,進(jìn)而對代孕概念、基本種類等進(jìn)行了深入細(xì)致的界定,對代孕引發(fā)的倫理及法律問題給予闡述,并通過將中國有關(guān)代孕的法律法規(guī)制度與世界有關(guān)國家或地區(qū)的相關(guān)法律規(guī)定進(jìn)行比較,進(jìn)一步揭示“代孕倫理問題”生成的根源與實質(zhì),并詮釋我國允許代孕的合理性之處,在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出在我國允許的法律規(guī)定范圍內(nèi)合理開放代孕的相關(guān)建議及對策,促進(jìn)代孕技術(shù)的合理使用。既造福于不孕患者,又有利于法律及倫理的發(fā)展,更使科技的發(fā)展造福于人與社會的和諧發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology, the ways in which human beings give birth to future generations are becoming more and more diverse. Natural conception has always been widely accepted in our country, and because of the influence of multiple factors of birth and birth, the phenomenon of sterility is becoming more and more common, and surrogacy technology emerges as the times require. At present, with the continuous in-depth study and application of surrogacy technology, the artificial assisted reproductive technology in China has also been continuously expanded, which not only develops and strengthens the life science, but also brings good news to many infertile patients. However, it is undeniable that the controversial surrogacy in the field of ethics and law subverts the traditional fertility model in China. Nowadays, surrogacy is facing two realistic situations: it not only has great market demand and actively serves infertile people, but also faces ethical and moral denunciation and legal policy prohibition, which frequently leads to fierce social disputes. As a potential social demand, this paper argues that it is unrealistic to strictly prohibit all surrogacy by legal means, but may bring about a series of more serious problems, and even some lawbreakers take advantage of legal gaps, resulting in legal prohibitions in vain. Therefore, only by continuously internalizing the externality of the law, can we have a better effect. This paper mainly starts with the rise and development of surrogacy, expounds in detail the research status of surrogacy at home and abroad, and then defines the concept and basic types of surrogacy in detail, expounds the ethical and legal problems caused by surrogacy, and compares the laws and regulations of China with the relevant laws and regulations of the countries or regions concerned in the world. This paper further reveals the root and essence of the generation of "surrogacy ethics problem", and interprets the rationality of allowing surrogacy in our country. On this basis, it puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures for reasonably opening surrogacy within the scope of the allowable legal provisions of our country, so as to promote the rational use of surrogacy technology. It not only benefits infertile patients, but also benefits the development of law and ethics, and makes the development of science and technology benefit the harmonious development of people and society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D90-052

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