貴州黔東南州苗族民間法的司法適用
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-15 11:28
【摘要】：民間法近年來受到法學(xué)界學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注,當(dāng)然也受到了很多學(xué)者的質(zhì)疑。所謂民間法,就是指人們在長期的生產(chǎn)生活中,于特定的時(shí)間和空間內(nèi)形成的、具有普遍約束力、代代傳承并且被遵守的社會(huì)規(guī)則。相對于國家法而言,民間法是非正式的法律淵源,多用于少數(shù)民族地區(qū),尤其是經(jīng)濟(jì)較為落后的偏遠(yuǎn)村寨。 我國是一個(gè)多民族的國家,每個(gè)民族的民間法都有其特點(diǎn)。本文主要介紹的是貴州黔東南州的苗族民間法及其司法適用問題。文章的第一章主要闡述苗族民間法的內(nèi)容、表現(xiàn)形式及其與國家法的沖突。苗族民間法的內(nèi)容主要涉及婚姻繼承、山林土地等方面,表現(xiàn)形式為榔規(guī)、禁忌和村規(guī)民約。苗族民間法的一些規(guī)定與國家法相沖突,因而我們要正視苗族民間法的積極作用,也要努力克服其所帶來的消極影響,在司法實(shí)踐中權(quán)衡各方利益與因素,在實(shí)施國家法的同時(shí)也能促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)孛耖g法的發(fā)展。文章的第二章介紹苗族民間法的司法適用,包括訴訟中以判決方式結(jié)案的司法適用、非訴訟中以調(diào)解方式結(jié)案的司法適用以及執(zhí)行過程中的司法適用。涉及的內(nèi)容有婚姻家庭、財(cái)產(chǎn)繼承和所有權(quán)保護(hù)等等。在接下來的一章里,分析了苗族民間法司法適用中出現(xiàn)的問題。除了苗族民間法自身的漏洞外,還體現(xiàn)在司法適用的主體差異性。第四章進(jìn)一步說明了如何完善苗族民間法的司法適用,完善苗族民間法不是一個(gè)結(jié)果,而是一個(gè)過程。首先就應(yīng)該建立司法識別機(jī)制,當(dāng)事人舉證證明民間法內(nèi)容的真實(shí)性與相關(guān)性,法官在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行判斷識別,并且得到確認(rèn)。然后要明確苗族民間法進(jìn)入司法適用的基本途徑,這些途徑通常包括適用解釋、典型案例指導(dǎo)和地方立法。其中,地方立法是比較有效但技術(shù)性含量較高的一項(xiàng),并且需要國家立法機(jī)關(guān)和司法部門的支持與認(rèn)可。最后,還要提高我國法官的司法能力。法官的司法能力直接關(guān)系著案件的解決和社會(huì)公眾對法治的認(rèn)識理解。法官的能力越好,解決糾紛的效率越高,社會(huì)大眾的認(rèn)可性也會(huì)有所增強(qiáng),那么對當(dāng)?shù)氐姆ㄖ谓ㄔO(shè)肯定有著積極的影響。在少數(shù)民族地區(qū),法官既要遵循國家法,又要協(xié)調(diào)好國家法與民間法之間的關(guān)系,這對法官是一個(gè)嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn),所以就更要加強(qiáng)法官的司法能力。 隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,苗族民間法也隨之發(fā)展。在閉塞偏遠(yuǎn)的地區(qū),逐漸向外開放,受到了現(xiàn)代文化的洗禮與影響,村民逐漸認(rèn)識國家法,相信國家法的權(quán)威與力量,但是,民間法在當(dāng)?shù)匾廊挥兄e足輕重的地位。所以,完善當(dāng)?shù)氐拿耖g法,不僅可以有效地解決糾紛,還可以推動(dòng)當(dāng)?shù)氐姆ㄖ谓ㄔO(shè),也為我國的法治建設(shè)提供的實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The folk law has been widely concerned by the scholars in the field of law in recent years, and it has also been questioned by many scholars. The so-called civil law refers to the social rules that people have formed in a long-term productive life, in a specific time and space, and have a universal and binding nature and are respected. As far as the country law is concerned, the civil law is an informal legal source, which is mainly used in the minority areas, especially the remote villages with a relatively backward economy. China is a multi-ethnic country, and the folk law of every nation has its own. This paper mainly introduces the Miao folk law and the application of the judicial application in Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou. The first chapter of the article mainly expounds the contents, forms and the impact of the folk law of the Miao nationality. The content of the folk law of the Hmong is mainly related to the inheritance of marriage, the land of the mountain and the like, and the expression forms are the rules, the taboos and the village rules. Some provisions of the Miao folk law conflict with the state law, so we should face the positive role of the Miao folk law and try to overcome the negative influence brought by them, and weigh the interests and factors of the parties in the judicial practice, and also promote the development of local folk law in the implementation of the national law. The second chapter of the article introduces the judicial application of the folk law of the Miao nationality, including the application of the judicial application in the case of the judgment in the lawsuit, the application of the judicial application in the non-litigation and the judicial application in the implementation. The contents involved are marriage and family, property inheritance and ownership protection, etc. In the next chapter, the question of the application of the Miao folk law in the administration of justice is analyzed In addition to the loopholes of the Miao folk law, the main difference in the application of justice is also reflected. The fourth chapter further explains how to improve the judicial application of the Miao folk law, perfect the Miao folk law is not a result, but one First of all, a judicial identification mechanism should be established, the party's proof of the authenticity and the relevance of the content of the civil law, the judge on the basis of the judgment and identification, and the truth It is then clear that the Miao folk law will enter the basic way of the application of justice, which usually includes the application of interpretation, typical case guidance and local standing. Law, where local legislation is a more effective but technical content, and requires support and recognition by national legislatures and the judiciary Finally, it is also necessary to improve the judicial performance of the judges of our country. The judge's judicial capacity is directly related to the settlement of the case and the public's understanding of the rule of law. The better the ability of the judge, the higher the efficiency of the settlement of the dispute, the higher the recognition of the public, and the local rule of law must have a positive shadow. in that minority area, the judge should follow the national law and coordinate the relationship between the state law and the civil law, which is a serious test for the judge, so it is more important to strengthen the judicial performance of the judge With the development of the social economy, the Miao folk law also The development of the local law is still very important in the local area, which is gradually open to the outside and is affected by the baptism and the influence of the modern culture. The villagers gradually know the state law and believe in the authority and the power of the state law. However, the folk method still plays an important role in the local area Therefore, to perfect the local folk law, not only can solve the dispute effectively, but also can promote the local rule of law construction, and also provide for the construction of the rule of law in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D920.4
本文編號：2500179
[Abstract]:The folk law has been widely concerned by the scholars in the field of law in recent years, and it has also been questioned by many scholars. The so-called civil law refers to the social rules that people have formed in a long-term productive life, in a specific time and space, and have a universal and binding nature and are respected. As far as the country law is concerned, the civil law is an informal legal source, which is mainly used in the minority areas, especially the remote villages with a relatively backward economy. China is a multi-ethnic country, and the folk law of every nation has its own. This paper mainly introduces the Miao folk law and the application of the judicial application in Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou. The first chapter of the article mainly expounds the contents, forms and the impact of the folk law of the Miao nationality. The content of the folk law of the Hmong is mainly related to the inheritance of marriage, the land of the mountain and the like, and the expression forms are the rules, the taboos and the village rules. Some provisions of the Miao folk law conflict with the state law, so we should face the positive role of the Miao folk law and try to overcome the negative influence brought by them, and weigh the interests and factors of the parties in the judicial practice, and also promote the development of local folk law in the implementation of the national law. The second chapter of the article introduces the judicial application of the folk law of the Miao nationality, including the application of the judicial application in the case of the judgment in the lawsuit, the application of the judicial application in the non-litigation and the judicial application in the implementation. The contents involved are marriage and family, property inheritance and ownership protection, etc. In the next chapter, the question of the application of the Miao folk law in the administration of justice is analyzed In addition to the loopholes of the Miao folk law, the main difference in the application of justice is also reflected. The fourth chapter further explains how to improve the judicial application of the Miao folk law, perfect the Miao folk law is not a result, but one First of all, a judicial identification mechanism should be established, the party's proof of the authenticity and the relevance of the content of the civil law, the judge on the basis of the judgment and identification, and the truth It is then clear that the Miao folk law will enter the basic way of the application of justice, which usually includes the application of interpretation, typical case guidance and local standing. Law, where local legislation is a more effective but technical content, and requires support and recognition by national legislatures and the judiciary Finally, it is also necessary to improve the judicial performance of the judges of our country. The judge's judicial capacity is directly related to the settlement of the case and the public's understanding of the rule of law. The better the ability of the judge, the higher the efficiency of the settlement of the dispute, the higher the recognition of the public, and the local rule of law must have a positive shadow. in that minority area, the judge should follow the national law and coordinate the relationship between the state law and the civil law, which is a serious test for the judge, so it is more important to strengthen the judicial performance of the judge With the development of the social economy, the Miao folk law also The development of the local law is still very important in the local area, which is gradually open to the outside and is affected by the baptism and the influence of the modern culture. The villagers gradually know the state law and believe in the authority and the power of the state law. However, the folk method still plays an important role in the local area Therefore, to perfect the local folk law, not only can solve the dispute effectively, but also can promote the local rule of law construction, and also provide for the construction of the rule of law in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D920.4
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