發(fā)布時間：2019-06-15 11:28

【摘要】：民間法近年來受到法學界學者的廣泛關注,當然也受到了很多學者的質疑。所謂民間法,就是指人們在長期的生產生活中,于特定的時間和空間內形成的、具有普遍約束力、代代傳承并且被遵守的社會規(guī)則。相對于國家法而言,民間法是非正式的法律淵源,多用于少數(shù)民族地區(qū),尤其是經濟較為落后的偏遠村寨。 我國是一個多民族的國家,每個民族的民間法都有其特點。本文主要介紹的是貴州黔東南州的苗族民間法及其司法適用問題。文章的第一章主要闡述苗族民間法的內容、表現(xiàn)形式及其與國家法的沖突。苗族民間法的內容主要涉及婚姻繼承、山林土地等方面,表現(xiàn)形式為榔規(guī)、禁忌和村規(guī)民約。苗族民間法的一些規(guī)定與國家法相沖突,因而我們要正視苗族民間法的積極作用,也要努力克服其所帶來的消極影響,在司法實踐中權衡各方利益與因素,在實施國家法的同時也能促進當?shù)孛耖g法的發(fā)展。文章的第二章介紹苗族民間法的司法適用,包括訴訟中以判決方式結案的司法適用、非訴訟中以調解方式結案的司法適用以及執(zhí)行過程中的司法適用。涉及的內容有婚姻家庭、財產繼承和所有權保護等等。在接下來的一章里,分析了苗族民間法司法適用中出現(xiàn)的問題。除了苗族民間法自身的漏洞外,還體現(xiàn)在司法適用的主體差異性。第四章進一步說明了如何完善苗族民間法的司法適用,完善苗族民間法不是一個結果,而是一個過程。首先就應該建立司法識別機制,當事人舉證證明民間法內容的真實性與相關性,法官在此基礎上進行判斷識別,并且得到確認。然后要明確苗族民間法進入司法適用的基本途徑,這些途徑通常包括適用解釋、典型案例指導和地方立法。其中,地方立法是比較有效但技術性含量較高的一項,并且需要國家立法機關和司法部門的支持與認可。最后,還要提高我國法官的司法能力。法官的司法能力直接關系著案件的解決和社會公眾對法治的認識理解。法官的能力越好,解決糾紛的效率越高,社會大眾的認可性也會有所增強,那么對當?shù)氐姆ㄖ谓ㄔO肯定有著積極的影響。在少數(shù)民族地區(qū),法官既要遵循國家法,又要協(xié)調好國家法與民間法之間的關系,這對法官是一個嚴峻的考驗,所以就更要加強法官的司法能力。 隨著社會經濟的發(fā)展,苗族民間法也隨之發(fā)展。在閉塞偏遠的地區(qū),逐漸向外開放,受到了現(xiàn)代文化的洗禮與影響,村民逐漸認識國家法,相信國家法的權威與力量,但是,民間法在當?shù)匾廊挥兄e足輕重的地位。所以,完善當?shù)氐拿耖g法,不僅可以有效地解決糾紛,還可以推動當?shù)氐姆ㄖ谓ㄔO,也為我國的法治建設提供的實踐基礎。
[Abstract]:The folk law has been widely concerned by the scholars in the field of law in recent years, and it has also been questioned by many scholars. The so-called civil law refers to the social rules that people have formed in a long-term productive life, in a specific time and space, and have a universal and binding nature and are respected. As far as the country law is concerned, the civil law is an informal legal source, which is mainly used in the minority areas, especially the remote villages with a relatively backward economy. China is a multi-ethnic country, and the folk law of every nation has its own. This paper mainly introduces the Miao folk law and the application of the judicial application in Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou. The first chapter of the article mainly expounds the contents, forms and the impact of the folk law of the Miao nationality. The content of the folk law of the Hmong is mainly related to the inheritance of marriage, the land of the mountain and the like, and the expression forms are the rules, the taboos and the village rules. Some provisions of the Miao folk law conflict with the state law, so we should face the positive role of the Miao folk law and try to overcome the negative influence brought by them, and weigh the interests and factors of the parties in the judicial practice, and also promote the development of local folk law in the implementation of the national law. The second chapter of the article introduces the judicial application of the folk law of the Miao nationality, including the application of the judicial application in the case of the judgment in the lawsuit, the application of the judicial application in the non-litigation and the judicial application in the implementation. The contents involved are marriage and family, property inheritance and ownership protection, etc. In the next chapter, the question of the application of the Miao folk law in the administration of justice is analyzed In addition to the loopholes of the Miao folk law, the main difference in the application of justice is also reflected. The fourth chapter further explains how to improve the judicial application of the Miao folk law, perfect the Miao folk law is not a result, but one First of all, a judicial identification mechanism should be established, the party's proof of the authenticity and the relevance of the content of the civil law, the judge on the basis of the judgment and identification, and the truth It is then clear that the Miao folk law will enter the basic way of the application of justice, which usually includes the application of interpretation, typical case guidance and local standing. Law, where local legislation is a more effective but technical content, and requires support and recognition by national legislatures and the judiciary Finally, it is also necessary to improve the judicial performance of the judges of our country. The judge's judicial capacity is directly related to the settlement of the case and the public's understanding of the rule of law. The better the ability of the judge, the higher the efficiency of the settlement of the dispute, the higher the recognition of the public, and the local rule of law must have a positive shadow. in that minority area, the judge should follow the national law and coordinate the relationship between the state law and the civil law, which is a serious test for the judge, so it is more important to strengthen the judicial performance of the judge With the development of the social economy, the Miao folk law also The development of the local law is still very important in the local area, which is gradually open to the outside and is affected by the baptism and the influence of the modern culture. The villagers gradually know the state law and believe in the authority and the power of the state law. However, the folk method still plays an important role in the local area Therefore, to perfect the local folk law, not only can solve the dispute effectively, but also can promote the local rule of law construction, and also provide for the construction of the rule of law in our country.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D920.4

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本文編號：2500179