哈耶克的自由概念研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-18 03:43
【摘要】：在西方政治哲學(xué)中,自由無疑是一個(gè)十分重要的概念。哈耶克認(rèn)為當(dāng)下西方世界所取得的文明成果都應(yīng)當(dāng)歸功于西方人民所信奉的自由理念。然而在人人談?wù)撟杂傻臅r(shí)代,極少有人能清楚什么是自由。在現(xiàn)代制度文明創(chuàng)造性建設(shè)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,精確理解促使西方取得當(dāng)下文明的自由理念顯得尤為重要。因此本文從哈耶克認(rèn)識(shí)論的角度全面而深入地分析哈耶克的自由概念,為人們準(zhǔn)確理解哈耶克的自由概念提供新的視角。本文主要分為以下五個(gè)部分: 第一部分是本文的引言,主要通過分析國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)哈耶克的自由概念的研究現(xiàn)狀,提出本文以哈耶克的自由概念為研究?jī)?nèi)容的意義之所在。 第二部分主要是從四個(gè)角度宏觀地介紹哈耶克的自由概念。首先直接闡釋哈耶克的自由乃是指他人專斷意志強(qiáng)制的不存在。其次通過分析引證得出哈耶克的自由并不能等同于消極自由,而是以一種消極的定義方式來展示其積極的實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容。再次通過對(duì)哈耶克的自由與選擇的關(guān)系的分析得出,判斷一個(gè)人是否自由并不在其選擇范圍的大小,而在于其自身的意志是否能夠得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。最后較為深入地探討了哈耶克的自由與法律之間的關(guān)系。自由雖然在形式上從屬于法律,但在實(shí)質(zhì)上,法律只是保護(hù)自由的一種手段,并且只有同時(shí)具備一般且抽象、公知且確定以及平等三個(gè)屬性的法律才能保障自由。 為了進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)哈耶克的自由概念的理解,本文第三部分采用比較分析法,將哈耶克所界定個(gè)人自由與政治自由、內(nèi)在自由、肯定性自由三種影響相對(duì)較大的自由概念進(jìn)行深入比較分析。個(gè)人自由即不等同于政治參與,也不能等同于內(nèi)在理性,更不能簡(jiǎn)單的等同財(cái)富與權(quán)力,個(gè)人自由是為了保證個(gè)人能夠利用自己的能力去實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的合理欲求。 第四部分進(jìn)入對(duì)哈耶克的自由概念的微觀分析。本部分以哈耶克將其自由概念的界定為他人專斷意志強(qiáng)制的不存在為切入點(diǎn),著重從“強(qiáng)制”的涵義、方式及程度等方面分析理解哈耶克自由概念的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語“強(qiáng)制”。哈耶克所否定是來自他人的強(qiáng)制,而不是一切的外在強(qiáng)制,這些來自他人的強(qiáng)制既包括赤裸裸的暴力和威脅,也包括欺騙或欺詐。同時(shí)這些來自他人的強(qiáng)制在程度上是有區(qū)別的,對(duì)于何種程度的強(qiáng)制需要得到禁止,則需要根據(jù)不同時(shí)期的具體社會(huì)情勢(shì)做出具體的判斷。 第五部分,也是本文重點(diǎn)及創(chuàng)新之所在,分別從哈耶克知識(shí)觀的“無知”與“知”這兩個(gè)角度來論證其自由概念的形成,以期能夠從更為廣度的視角全面理解哈耶克的自由概念的核心之所在。個(gè)人心智自身的特征以及近代以來知識(shí)的分工決定了每個(gè)人所能知曉的只是人類知識(shí)中的極少一部分,因此每個(gè)人在整個(gè)人類知識(shí)面前都是無知的,并且這種“無知”是無差別的,所以任何人都不具有足以能夠?qū)ι鐣?huì)理性構(gòu)設(shè)的知識(shí),也不存在一個(gè)人或一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu),知識(shí)多到能夠強(qiáng)制他人的地步。因此專斷意志的強(qiáng)制在知識(shí)論上并不具有合理性。人類文明的發(fā)展在于人類知識(shí)的進(jìn)步與運(yùn)用。知識(shí)的分散性使得每個(gè)人都有行為決策的自由成為必要,只有這樣,才能使每個(gè)人在其特有的知識(shí)與特定的情勢(shì)之間形成特定的組合中產(chǎn)生新的工具或?qū)εf的工具進(jìn)行改進(jìn)。這就是哈耶克強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人自由重要性的緣由,也是哈耶克提出其自由概念的最終目的。
[Abstract]:In the western political philosophy, freedom is undoubtedly a very important concept. Hayek is of the view that the achievements of the civilization in the western world should be attributed to the free concept of the Western people. In the age of freedom for all, however, it is very rare to be aware of what is free. In the critical period of the modern system civilization's creative construction, it is very important to understand the idea of the freedom of the west to acquire the present civilization. So this paper, from the perspective of Hayek's epistemology, fully and deeply analyses the concept of Hayek's free concept, and provides a new perspective for people to understand the concept of the free-of-freedom of Hayek. The article is mainly divided into the following five parts: The first part is the introduction of this paper, mainly through the analysis of the present situation of the research of the free concept of Hayek at home and abroad, and put forward the significance of the concept of Hayek as the research content. In the second part, it is mainly from four angles to introduce Hayek from four angles. The concept. First of all, the direct interpretation of Hayek's freedom is to be forced by the will of others. It does not exist. Secondly, through the analysis, it is concluded that Hayek's freedom cannot be equated with negative freedom, but rather a negative definition to show its positive reality. By analyzing the relationship between the free and the choice of Hayek, it is determined whether a person is free and not in the size of his choice but in that his will can In the end, the freedom and the law of Hayek are discussed in more detail. The relation of freedom, while in the form of a law, is, in essence, a means of protecting freedom, and only a law that has the general and abstract, public and definite and equal three attributes can be guaranteed. In order to further deepen the understanding of the concept of freedom in Hayek, the third part of this article adopts the comparative analysis method, and the three influences of the individual freedom and political freedom, the inherent freedom and the positive and the qualitative freedom defined by Hayek are deeply influenced by the relatively large free concept. A comparative analysis. The individual's freedom, that is, is not equal to political participation, cannot be equated with the intrinsic reason or the simple equivalent of wealth and power, and the individual's freedom is to ensure that the individual is able to use his or her ability to achieve himself A reasonable desire. The fourth part is to enter the freedom of Hayek. The micro-analysis of the concept. This part is based on Hayek's definition of the free concept as an entry point for the non-existence of the will of others. The key terms of the concept of the Hayek's freedom are analyzed from the aspects of the meaning, the way and the degree of the "force". ". Hayek's negative is a force from another, not all of it, and the coercion from others includes both naked violence and threats. include fraud or fraud. At the same time, there is a difference in the degree of coercion from others, and to what extent compulsory needs are prohibited, the specific social situation in different periods is required The fifth part, which is the focus and the innovation of this article, demonstrates the formation of its free concept from the two angles of the "ignorance" and the "know" of Hayek's knowledge view, in order to be able to fully understand the self-interest of Hayek from a wider perspective. From the core of the concept, the characteristics of the individual's mind and the division of the knowledge since the modern times have determined that everyone can be aware of only a few of the human knowledge, so everyone is ignorant of the entire human knowledge, and this" trunk "" igsaw " is no difference, so no one has enough knowledge to be able to construct a sense of social rationality, and there is no one or a body, and the knowledge is so many." To force a person to the point of another. Therefore, the force of the will to break will be in knowledge. The development of human civilization is human The progress and application of class knowledge. The dispersibility of knowledge makes every person have the freedom to make a decision, so that each person can create a new tool in a specific combination between the specific knowledge and the specific situation. The improvement of the old tool. This is the reason for Hayek to stress the importance of the individual's freedom, and it's Mr. Hayek.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D909.1
本文編號(hào)：2479642
[Abstract]:In the western political philosophy, freedom is undoubtedly a very important concept. Hayek is of the view that the achievements of the civilization in the western world should be attributed to the free concept of the Western people. In the age of freedom for all, however, it is very rare to be aware of what is free. In the critical period of the modern system civilization's creative construction, it is very important to understand the idea of the freedom of the west to acquire the present civilization. So this paper, from the perspective of Hayek's epistemology, fully and deeply analyses the concept of Hayek's free concept, and provides a new perspective for people to understand the concept of the free-of-freedom of Hayek. The article is mainly divided into the following five parts: The first part is the introduction of this paper, mainly through the analysis of the present situation of the research of the free concept of Hayek at home and abroad, and put forward the significance of the concept of Hayek as the research content. In the second part, it is mainly from four angles to introduce Hayek from four angles. The concept. First of all, the direct interpretation of Hayek's freedom is to be forced by the will of others. It does not exist. Secondly, through the analysis, it is concluded that Hayek's freedom cannot be equated with negative freedom, but rather a negative definition to show its positive reality. By analyzing the relationship between the free and the choice of Hayek, it is determined whether a person is free and not in the size of his choice but in that his will can In the end, the freedom and the law of Hayek are discussed in more detail. The relation of freedom, while in the form of a law, is, in essence, a means of protecting freedom, and only a law that has the general and abstract, public and definite and equal three attributes can be guaranteed. In order to further deepen the understanding of the concept of freedom in Hayek, the third part of this article adopts the comparative analysis method, and the three influences of the individual freedom and political freedom, the inherent freedom and the positive and the qualitative freedom defined by Hayek are deeply influenced by the relatively large free concept. A comparative analysis. The individual's freedom, that is, is not equal to political participation, cannot be equated with the intrinsic reason or the simple equivalent of wealth and power, and the individual's freedom is to ensure that the individual is able to use his or her ability to achieve himself A reasonable desire. The fourth part is to enter the freedom of Hayek. The micro-analysis of the concept. This part is based on Hayek's definition of the free concept as an entry point for the non-existence of the will of others. The key terms of the concept of the Hayek's freedom are analyzed from the aspects of the meaning, the way and the degree of the "force". ". Hayek's negative is a force from another, not all of it, and the coercion from others includes both naked violence and threats. include fraud or fraud. At the same time, there is a difference in the degree of coercion from others, and to what extent compulsory needs are prohibited, the specific social situation in different periods is required The fifth part, which is the focus and the innovation of this article, demonstrates the formation of its free concept from the two angles of the "ignorance" and the "know" of Hayek's knowledge view, in order to be able to fully understand the self-interest of Hayek from a wider perspective. From the core of the concept, the characteristics of the individual's mind and the division of the knowledge since the modern times have determined that everyone can be aware of only a few of the human knowledge, so everyone is ignorant of the entire human knowledge, and this" trunk "" igsaw " is no difference, so no one has enough knowledge to be able to construct a sense of social rationality, and there is no one or a body, and the knowledge is so many." To force a person to the point of another. Therefore, the force of the will to break will be in knowledge. The development of human civilization is human The progress and application of class knowledge. The dispersibility of knowledge makes every person have the freedom to make a decision, so that each person can create a new tool in a specific combination between the specific knowledge and the specific situation. The improvement of the old tool. This is the reason for Hayek to stress the importance of the individual's freedom, and it's Mr. Hayek.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D909.1
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