【摘要】：黃宗羲是明末清初偉大的啟蒙思想家,他在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、歷史、文化等領(lǐng)域都取得了很大成就,而他的法律思想主要集中于《明夷待訪錄》中。任何思想與提出者所處的時代背景都是分不開的,黃宗羲處于資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)有了初步發(fā)展、西方文化逐漸傳入中國的時期,所以他的法律思想帶有更多對個人權(quán)利的關(guān)注。 黃宗羲的法律思想主要有法學(xué)基本理論思想、行政法思想、經(jīng)濟(jì)法思想等方面。他主張以民為主,立法的目的是為民眾服務(wù),針對封建社會“一家之法”的現(xiàn)狀,他提出了制定“天下之法”的主張。面對人治的種種弊端,黃宗羲堅決主張法治,反對人治。在傳統(tǒng)儒家民本思想的基礎(chǔ)上黃宗羲提出了民主的思想,并吸收西方先進(jìn)的自由、平等意識,將其作為立法的基本原則。 由于黃宗羲是要為未來統(tǒng)治者“條具為治大法”,所以他的法律思想除了政治方面外,還包括經(jīng)濟(jì)、官吏選任等方面。在“工商皆本”思想的指導(dǎo)下,黃宗羲提出了減輕賦稅、統(tǒng)一貨幣、實行錢法、鈔法等一系列制度設(shè)想。由于明代八股取士束縛了人們的思想,所以黃宗羲主張重視實學(xué)、廣開才路,不拘一格降人才。 黃宗羲先進(jìn)的法律思想對后來的資產(chǎn)階級革命產(chǎn)生了較大影響,對當(dāng)今社會主義法制建設(shè)也有一定的借鑒意義。本文的主要創(chuàng)新點在于對黃宗羲的行政法思想進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的挖掘,并對其經(jīng)濟(jì)法思想進(jìn)行了概括總結(jié),進(jìn)一步結(jié)合當(dāng)代免征農(nóng)業(yè)稅和依法治國的背景對其當(dāng)代價值進(jìn)行了分析,以期能起到一定的警示作用。
[Abstract]:Huang Zongxi is a great enlightenment thinker in late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. He has made great achievements in politics, economy, history, culture and so on. Any thought can not be separated from the background of the era in which the proponent lived. Huang Zongxi is in the period of the initial development of capitalist economy and the gradual introduction of western culture into China, so his legal thought has more attention to individual rights. Huang Zongxi's legal thought mainly includes the basic theory of law, the thought of administrative law, the thought of economic law and so on. In view of the present situation of the feudal society, he put forward the idea of making the law of the world. Faced with the malpractice of rule by man, Huang Zongxi firmly advocated the rule of law and opposed the rule of man. Huang Zongxi put forward the thought of democracy on the basis of the traditional Confucian thought of "people first", and absorbed the advanced freedom and equal consciousness of the West as the basic principle of legislation. Because Huang Zongxi wants to rule the law for the future ruler, his legal thought includes economy, government officials and other aspects besides politics. Under the guidance of the thought of "business as a whole", Huang Zongxi put forward a series of system ideas, such as reducing taxes, unifying currency, carrying out money law, banknote law, and so on. As stereotyped talents in Ming Dynasty bound people's thinking, Huang Zongxi advocated attaching importance to practical learning, opening up a wide range of talents, and reducing talents without sticking to one rule. Huang Zongxi's advanced legal thought had a great influence on the later bourgeois revolution, and also had certain reference significance to the construction of socialist legal system. The main innovation of this paper lies in the further excavation of Huang Zongxi's thought of administrative law, and the summary of his thought of economic law. This paper further analyzes the contemporary value of agricultural tax exemption and ruling the country by law in order to play a warning role.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D909.2

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