試論法律現(xiàn)實(shí)主義在司法裁判中的適用
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-22 09:18
【摘要】：發(fā)端于20世紀(jì)的法律現(xiàn)實(shí)主義運(yùn)動(dòng),是美國(guó)本土最重要的法理學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)之一。這場(chǎng)聲勢(shì)浩大的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義運(yùn)動(dòng),不僅對(duì)美國(guó)法律界產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的歷史影響,對(duì)于我國(guó)當(dāng)下司法實(shí)踐也有借鑒作用。 作為現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的代表人物,霍姆斯、盧埃林、卡多佐、弗蘭克等人對(duì)形式主義都持批判態(tài)度。他們的觀念昭示著實(shí)用主義哲學(xué)的光輝。作為現(xiàn)實(shí)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的先驅(qū),霍姆斯首先提出了法律的生命在于邏輯這個(gè)著名論斷�，F(xiàn)實(shí)主義法學(xué)家認(rèn)同法律的不確定性,反對(duì)絕對(duì)的概念至上,持規(guī)則懷疑主義,注重法律社會(huì)目的性。我國(guó)正處于急速發(fā)展期,法律制定與社會(huì)當(dāng)下現(xiàn)實(shí)難免出現(xiàn)差距。一些新問(wèn)題也會(huì)不斷涌現(xiàn)。本文通過(guò)案例分析法,論述法律現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的精神與司法實(shí)踐觀在司法裁判中的適用,來(lái)解決我國(guó)社會(huì)發(fā)展中出現(xiàn)的法律問(wèn)題。對(duì)促進(jìn)我國(guó)法治建設(shè)的進(jìn)步,維護(hù)公民權(quán)利與良好的社會(huì)效應(yīng)都有重要意義。 本文寫(xiě)作分為六個(gè)部分。 第一章、論述作為背景的法律形式主義。法律現(xiàn)實(shí)主義是伴隨著對(duì)形式主義的批判發(fā)展起來(lái)的。現(xiàn)實(shí)主義法學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)普遍都伴隨著對(duì)形式主義的反對(duì)與批判。因此,梳理現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的主要觀點(diǎn),需要對(duì)形式主義的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行闡述。 第二章、法律現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的代表人物及主要觀點(diǎn)。通過(guò)整理現(xiàn)實(shí)主義法學(xué)家霍姆斯、卡多佐、弗蘭克、盧埃林的觀點(diǎn),總結(jié)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義法學(xué)的主要觀點(diǎn)即：以實(shí)用主義哲學(xué)為基礎(chǔ),主張法律應(yīng)當(dāng)立足于客觀現(xiàn)實(shí),注重法律的目的性,反對(duì)絕對(duì)的概念至上理論,持法律不確定性與規(guī)則懷疑主義。在論證法律現(xiàn)實(shí)主義法律觀的基礎(chǔ)上,論述現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的司法實(shí)踐觀：反對(duì)形式主義裁判方法的邏輯三段論,認(rèn)為裁判是多種因素多重利益共同作用的結(jié)果,當(dāng)利益之間發(fā)生沖突時(shí),應(yīng)讓步于社會(huì)學(xué)方法,注重案件裁判結(jié)果的社會(huì)目的性。并對(duì)法官自由裁量權(quán)進(jìn)行闡述。 第三章、法律現(xiàn)實(shí)主義在司法裁判中適用的必要性及適用類(lèi)型案例分析。通過(guò)論述法律不確定性的客觀存在,法律規(guī)則與現(xiàn)實(shí)之間差異性的存在,論述現(xiàn)實(shí)主義在司法裁判中適用的必要性�，F(xiàn)實(shí)主義的適用主要表現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)實(shí)主義精神以及裁判方法的適用。本章通過(guò)案例分析法,闡述現(xiàn)實(shí)主義在我國(guó)裁判實(shí)踐中運(yùn)用的情況主要有以下幾種：反對(duì)機(jī)械化、形式主義,出于對(duì)已有法律規(guī)則、條文的合理解釋適用；對(duì)于法律不確定性的補(bǔ)救或著說(shuō)出于彌補(bǔ)法律漏洞的適用；排除已有的法律規(guī)則,出于維護(hù)社會(huì)實(shí)質(zhì)的公平和公正、公序良俗的適用：出于維護(hù)社會(huì)功德,維護(hù)社會(huì)風(fēng)尚的適用。通過(guò)分析案例闡述應(yīng)在何種情況下適用,和應(yīng)該怎樣適用。 第四章、法律現(xiàn)實(shí)主義在司法裁判中錯(cuò)誤運(yùn)用的可能性及原因分析。法律現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的適用需要依靠法官的自由裁量,法官在裁判時(shí)需要發(fā)揮主觀能動(dòng)性對(duì)案件事實(shí)和適用的規(guī)則進(jìn)行判斷。法官如果在裁判過(guò)程中濫用裁量權(quán),對(duì)于法律現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的主要觀點(diǎn)不能正確對(duì)待,就會(huì)出現(xiàn)濫用的危險(xiǎn)。當(dāng)法官不能用現(xiàn)有明確的條文解釋和裁判案件時(shí),一般會(huì)通過(guò)所謂解釋的方法用某些原則或概念規(guī)則來(lái)解決。而事實(shí)與法律越是不相符合,法官的自由裁量權(quán)也就越大,若沒(méi)有明確的界限和指導(dǎo)原則來(lái)限制,僅靠法官的自覺(jué)性或個(gè)人素質(zhì),則難免會(huì)導(dǎo)致濫用。本章通過(guò)案例分析,濫用的主要原因一是因?qū)υV訟各方社會(huì)利益主次不分、價(jià)值判斷錯(cuò)誤導(dǎo)致的濫用,二是因越界而導(dǎo)致的濫用。 第五章、法律現(xiàn)實(shí)主義在司法裁判中運(yùn)用的約束與限制。通過(guò)第四章論述得出結(jié)論,法律現(xiàn)實(shí)主義在司法裁判中的應(yīng)用,必須在一定限度內(nèi)進(jìn)行。對(duì)法官自由裁量的裁判過(guò)程,要進(jìn)行一定的限制。法律現(xiàn)實(shí)主義在司法裁判中的適用必須受到約束與限制,否則將會(huì)走向激進(jìn),導(dǎo)致無(wú)序的情況發(fā)生。正如卡多佐所說(shuō),他遵從社會(huì)學(xué)的方法,但并不否認(rèn)其他方法的作用。完全排斥甚至否認(rèn)規(guī)則,并不能真正實(shí)現(xiàn)法律的價(jià)值和目的。對(duì)法律現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的適用,要遵循以下硬性約束：要在法律范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行；不能與立法、司法政策、司法解釋相違背；遵循程序正當(dāng)原則；立足案件事實(shí),不能妄加推測(cè)；不能與示范判例的精神相違背；不應(yīng)因同情等主觀因素,為補(bǔ)償受害人的損失而侵犯他人利益進(jìn)行適用；遵循公平正義原則；正確看待社會(huì)輿論的影響力。 第六章、總結(jié)。對(duì)新法律現(xiàn)實(shí)主義進(jìn)行概括描述,以及前文進(jìn)行總結(jié)概括。
[Abstract]:The legal realist movement, which originated in the 20th century, is one of the most important legal movement in the United States. This great realistic movement not only has a far-reaching historical impact on the legal profession in the United States, but also has a reference for the current judicial practice in our country. As the representative of realism, Homs, Luerin, Cardoso, Frank and others are critical to formalism. degree. Their idea shows the light of the pragmatic philosophy. As a pioneer in the movement of realism, Homs first put forward that the life of the law is the famous theory of logic On the other hand, the realistic jurists agree with the uncertainty of the law, oppose the absolute concept of the law, hold the rule of doubt, and pay attention to the purpose of the legal society Sex. Our country is in a rapid development period, and the legal development and the current reality of the society are inevitable. There's a lot of new problems, too. This paper, through the case analysis method, discusses the application of the spirit of legal realism and the view of the judicial practice in the judicial decision, to solve the legal questions in the social development of our country. To promote the progress of the construction of the rule of law in our country, it is important to maintain the civil rights and the good social effect. The writing of this paper is divided into six parts. Part. The first chapter discusses the method as a background. The law formalism. The legal realism is accompanied by the criticism of formalism The view of a realistic jurist is generally accompanied by a formalism. Objection and criticism. Therefore, combing the main point of view of realism needs to view the view of formalism. The point is set forth. Chapter II, the representation of legal realism On the basis of the pragmatic philosophy, the author points out that the law should be based on the objective reality, note that the law should be based on the objective reality. The purpose of the law is to oppose the absolute concept of the supremacy and the legal uncertainty. On the basis of demonstrating the legal view of the legal realism, the author discusses the realistic view of the judicial practice: the logic three-section of the method of anti-formalism, and concludes that the decision is the result of the multi-interest of various factors, and when the interests conflict, it should be made Step in a sociological approach and focus on case referees The social purpose of the fruit. Chapter three, the necessity of the application of legal realism in the judicial referees The article discusses the existence of the difference between the legal rules and the reality by discussing the objective existence of the legal uncertainty, the existence of the difference between the legal rules and the reality, and discusses the realism in the administration of justice. The necessity of application in the referees. The application of realism is mainly in the spirit of realism. In this chapter, through the case analysis method, the author expounds that the application of realism in the practice of our country's decision mainly consists of the following: anti-mechanization, formalism, for the existing legal rules, The reasonable interpretation of the provisions is applicable; for the remedy of the legal uncertainty or to the application of the remedy of the legal loophole, the existing legal rules are excluded from the maintenance of the social essence and the application of the public order and the customs: for the maintenance of social work, The application of the social fashion is to be maintained. By analyzing the case, the case should be adapted. how to apply, and how to apply it. chap. IV, that error of legal realism in the administration of justice The possibility and cause of the application. The application of the legal realism needs to rely on the discretion of the judge, and the judge needs to play a subjective initiative in the case when the judge The judgment of the real and applicable rules. If the judge abuses his discretion in the process of the decision, the main point of view of the legal realism is not correct. There will be a risk of abuse. When a judge is unable to interpret and judge a case with an existing clear provision, it will generally be used by a so-called method of interpretation The more the facts and laws are, the greater the discretion of the judge, and if there are no clear limits and guidelines, the judge's self-consciousness or the individual in that case of the case, the main cause of the abuse is the abuse caused by the difference between the social interests of the parties to the litigation, the value judgment error, II. Abuse due to cross-border. Chapter V, Legal Realism The restrictions and restrictions applied in the administration of justice, and through the fourth chapter, it is concluded that the legal realism is in the judicial referees. It must be carried out to a limited extent. The discretion of the judge The process of referees is subject to certain restrictions. The application of legal realism in the administration of justice must be bound and restricted, or it will go. To radicalize, lead to disorder, as Cardoso said, he follows the method of sociology but does not deny the role of other methods. The value and purpose of the law can be truly realized. The application of the legal realism is to follow the following hard constraints: to be carried out within the legal framework; not to be contrary to the legislation, the judicial policy and the judicial interpretation; to follow the principle of the proper procedure of the procedure; to base on the facts of the case, to be unable to speculate; cannot be contrary to the spirit of the model case; it should not be applied for the compensation of the victim's loss due to the subjective factors such as compassion; the principle of fairness and justice should be followed.; to view the society in a correct manner The influence of public opinion. Chapter 6, Summary. Realism of the New Legal
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D920.0
本文編號(hào)：2413073
[Abstract]:The legal realist movement, which originated in the 20th century, is one of the most important legal movement in the United States. This great realistic movement not only has a far-reaching historical impact on the legal profession in the United States, but also has a reference for the current judicial practice in our country. As the representative of realism, Homs, Luerin, Cardoso, Frank and others are critical to formalism. degree. Their idea shows the light of the pragmatic philosophy. As a pioneer in the movement of realism, Homs first put forward that the life of the law is the famous theory of logic On the other hand, the realistic jurists agree with the uncertainty of the law, oppose the absolute concept of the law, hold the rule of doubt, and pay attention to the purpose of the legal society Sex. Our country is in a rapid development period, and the legal development and the current reality of the society are inevitable. There's a lot of new problems, too. This paper, through the case analysis method, discusses the application of the spirit of legal realism and the view of the judicial practice in the judicial decision, to solve the legal questions in the social development of our country. To promote the progress of the construction of the rule of law in our country, it is important to maintain the civil rights and the good social effect. The writing of this paper is divided into six parts. Part. The first chapter discusses the method as a background. The law formalism. The legal realism is accompanied by the criticism of formalism The view of a realistic jurist is generally accompanied by a formalism. Objection and criticism. Therefore, combing the main point of view of realism needs to view the view of formalism. The point is set forth. Chapter II, the representation of legal realism On the basis of the pragmatic philosophy, the author points out that the law should be based on the objective reality, note that the law should be based on the objective reality. The purpose of the law is to oppose the absolute concept of the supremacy and the legal uncertainty. On the basis of demonstrating the legal view of the legal realism, the author discusses the realistic view of the judicial practice: the logic three-section of the method of anti-formalism, and concludes that the decision is the result of the multi-interest of various factors, and when the interests conflict, it should be made Step in a sociological approach and focus on case referees The social purpose of the fruit. Chapter three, the necessity of the application of legal realism in the judicial referees The article discusses the existence of the difference between the legal rules and the reality by discussing the objective existence of the legal uncertainty, the existence of the difference between the legal rules and the reality, and discusses the realism in the administration of justice. The necessity of application in the referees. The application of realism is mainly in the spirit of realism. In this chapter, through the case analysis method, the author expounds that the application of realism in the practice of our country's decision mainly consists of the following: anti-mechanization, formalism, for the existing legal rules, The reasonable interpretation of the provisions is applicable; for the remedy of the legal uncertainty or to the application of the remedy of the legal loophole, the existing legal rules are excluded from the maintenance of the social essence and the application of the public order and the customs: for the maintenance of social work, The application of the social fashion is to be maintained. By analyzing the case, the case should be adapted. how to apply, and how to apply it. chap. IV, that error of legal realism in the administration of justice The possibility and cause of the application. The application of the legal realism needs to rely on the discretion of the judge, and the judge needs to play a subjective initiative in the case when the judge The judgment of the real and applicable rules. If the judge abuses his discretion in the process of the decision, the main point of view of the legal realism is not correct. There will be a risk of abuse. When a judge is unable to interpret and judge a case with an existing clear provision, it will generally be used by a so-called method of interpretation The more the facts and laws are, the greater the discretion of the judge, and if there are no clear limits and guidelines, the judge's self-consciousness or the individual in that case of the case, the main cause of the abuse is the abuse caused by the difference between the social interests of the parties to the litigation, the value judgment error, II. Abuse due to cross-border. Chapter V, Legal Realism The restrictions and restrictions applied in the administration of justice, and through the fourth chapter, it is concluded that the legal realism is in the judicial referees. It must be carried out to a limited extent. The discretion of the judge The process of referees is subject to certain restrictions. The application of legal realism in the administration of justice must be bound and restricted, or it will go. To radicalize, lead to disorder, as Cardoso said, he follows the method of sociology but does not deny the role of other methods. The value and purpose of the law can be truly realized. The application of the legal realism is to follow the following hard constraints: to be carried out within the legal framework; not to be contrary to the legislation, the judicial policy and the judicial interpretation; to follow the principle of the proper procedure of the procedure; to base on the facts of the case, to be unable to speculate; cannot be contrary to the spirit of the model case; it should not be applied for the compensation of the victim's loss due to the subjective factors such as compassion; the principle of fairness and justice should be followed.; to view the society in a correct manner The influence of public opinion. Chapter 6, Summary. Realism of the New Legal
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D920.0
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