【摘要】：企業(yè)重整制度是當代破產(chǎn)法的發(fā)展方向和精髓,不同于其他破產(chǎn)制度,重整的目標在于維護企業(yè)的營運價值,減少企業(yè)破產(chǎn)、資源浪費、工人失業(yè)對經(jīng)濟和社會秩序的影響,為企業(yè)的重生提供制度路徑。我國的重整制度由2007年6月1日實施的《中華人民共和國企業(yè)破產(chǎn)法》確立,在第8章專章對重整制度作了規(guī)定。而當今重整制度立法的楷模當屬《美國破產(chǎn)法》第11章規(guī)定的商事重整制度。我國的重整制度從第11章程序借鑒而來,在制度的規(guī)定上具有相似性。 文章的第一章闡述了企業(yè)重整這一制度的產(chǎn)生歷程和在本文中的界定以及制度價值。重整制度產(chǎn)生于經(jīng)濟危機之中,是經(jīng)濟危機下避免企業(yè)破產(chǎn)、職工失業(yè)等問題的應(yīng)對措施。重整區(qū)別于其他破產(chǎn)制度的最大特征在于它指向的是企業(yè)的再生。 文章的第二章對我國和美國企業(yè)重整制度的發(fā)展歷程進行了回顧。美國的企業(yè)重整制度來源于鐵路企業(yè)的重整需要,最初以衡平法上的管理人制度出現(xiàn),后由1938年《錢德勒法案》作了詳細的規(guī)定,現(xiàn)行的企業(yè)重整制度由1978年《破產(chǎn)改革法》確立。我國可以追溯的企業(yè)拯救制度是《中華人民共和國企業(yè)破產(chǎn)法(試行)》中規(guī)定的整頓與和解制度,最初是為了配合國有企業(yè)改革,拯救部分國有企業(yè)。市場經(jīng)濟意義下的重整制度由2007年實施的《中華人民共和國企業(yè)破產(chǎn)法》第8章確立。 文章的第三章比較了中美兩國企業(yè)重整啟動制度。在適用對象上,兩國都作了較為寬泛的規(guī)定。在重整原因上,美國的自愿程序沒有規(guī)定重整原因,一切欲尋求解脫的企業(yè)均可申請,我國為在破產(chǎn)原因的基礎(chǔ)上,另加“有明顯喪失清償能力可能”,其具體內(nèi)涵有待司法機關(guān)加以明確。在申請主體上,我國的規(guī)定包括債務(wù)人、債權(quán)人、股東,較之美國更為寬泛,為重整的申請?zhí)峁┝遂`活性。 文章的第四章比較了中美兩國關(guān)于企業(yè)重整中控制權(quán)和破產(chǎn)保全兩項制度的規(guī)定。在控制權(quán)制度上,兩國采取了不同的模式,美國為DIP模式,而我國則采取了管理人模式。我國采取的管理人模式也為實踐中地方政府權(quán)力的介入提供了機會。在破產(chǎn)保全制度上,我國的規(guī)定比較簡單,可以借鑒美國的自動凍結(jié)制度,將保全的生效時間提前至申請之日,并擴大破產(chǎn)保全的范圍。 文章的第五章比較了中美兩國在企業(yè)重整計劃方面的規(guī)定。在重整計劃的制定上,兩國都采取了重整控制權(quán)人制定重整計劃的方式,而相比于我國,美國規(guī)定了重整計劃制定權(quán)的補充主體,對權(quán)利的保護更為全面。在重整計劃的通過機制上,美國設(shè)定了公平與公正標準、最大利益標準、填滿標準等一系列標準,使各方在談判中有明確的預(yù)期,而我國則沒有對重整計劃的標準作出規(guī)定,這使得談判更加靈活。 結(jié)語部分總結(jié)了我國現(xiàn)行立法的不足,強調(diào)了除了立法的不完善之處外,社會經(jīng)濟環(huán)境是影響我國重整制度發(fā)揮作用的主要原因。
[Abstract]:The enterprise reorganization system is the development direction and essence of the contemporary bankruptcy law, and is different from the other bankruptcy system. The aim of the reform is to maintain the operation value of the enterprise, to reduce the influence of the enterprise's bankruptcy, the resource waste, the worker's unemployment on the economic and social order, and to provide the system path for the rebirth of the enterprise. The reforming system of our country is established by the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People's Republic of China on June 1, 2007, and the reform system is regulated in Chapter 8. The model of the reform system of the present day is the commercial reorganization system as set out in Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Law. The reform system of our country is based on the Chapter 11 program, and has the similarity in the system. The first chapter of the article sets forth the process of the enterprise reform and the definition and the system in this paper. Value. The reform system is produced in the economic crisis, it is the response of the economic crisis to avoid the enterprise bankruptcy, the worker's unemployment, etc. The biggest characteristic of the reorganization of the other bankruptcy system is that it points to the enterprise The second chapter of the article is the development of the reforming system of Chinese and American enterprises A review is made. The enterprise reorganization system of the United States is derived from the reform needs of the railway enterprises, and the system of the management in the equity method is initially presented. The current enterprise reorganization system is changed from the bankruptcy to the bankruptcy in 1978. The enterprise saving system that can be traced back to China is the system of reorganization and reconciliation as stipulated in the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law (Trial) of the People's Republic of China, which was originally designed to cooperate with the reform of state-owned enterprises and the rescue department State-owned enterprises. The reform system in the sense of market economy is implemented by the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People's Republic of China in 2007. Chapter 3 of the article compares the two countries of the middle and the United States Enterprise reform and start-up system. On the application of the object, both countries do In the reason of the reform, the United States's voluntary procedure does not provide for the reason of the reform, and all the enterprises that want to seek relief can apply. The specific connotation of our country is to add the 鈥淚t is possible to have a clear loss of liquidity鈥，

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