博弈論及其在法律談判中的應(yīng)用
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-31 14:28
【摘要】：法律談判作為以意思自治為基礎(chǔ)，談判結(jié)果具有契約性的私力救濟(jì)方式，正日益成為我國重要的糾紛解決機(jī)制之一。法律談判表現(xiàn)為利益主體之間的交互式行為。只有對利益主體的行為進(jìn)行科學(xué)的分析，才能構(gòu)造出科學(xué)、有效的行為選擇和理性決策。研究人類行為的博弈理論無疑是法律談判的重要分析研究工具。本文嘗試將博弈理論運(yùn)用到法律實踐中，運(yùn)用博弈模型來描述法律談判當(dāng)事人的行為選擇和行為結(jié)果，厘清行為與結(jié)果之間的邏輯關(guān)系，并嘗試?yán)貌┺睦碚撝械木飧拍顏硖剿鞣烧勁兄挟?dāng)事人之間的最佳和解方式。 談判的結(jié)果是由雙方協(xié)商一致的協(xié)議或者合同來體現(xiàn)的。合同違約處罰條款的設(shè)置，是使雙方遵守合同的約定履行義務(wù)，實現(xiàn)權(quán)利的重要保障。運(yùn)用占優(yōu)均衡理論，可以幫助當(dāng)事人科學(xué)地分析雙方關(guān)于違約損害賠償和違約處理方式的約定對于合同當(dāng)事人將來行為的約束，以及確定保證商事良性運(yùn)作的違約成本的合理區(qū)間。 對于勞資賠償糾紛、民事合同糾紛、侵權(quán)糾紛等民事類糾紛，輕微刑事案件和刑事自訴案件，當(dāng)事人可運(yùn)用擴(kuò)展式博弈分析選擇和解還是訴訟更能夠滿足心理預(yù)期，并且提供和解的合理議價區(qū)間供當(dāng)事人參考，合理補(bǔ)償受害人。當(dāng)事人可以通過控制議價區(qū)間的變量在討價還價中爭取更多的利益。 當(dāng)事人在合伙企業(yè)清算，未立遺囑的遺產(chǎn)分割，離婚案件中婚姻存續(xù)期間夫妻共有財產(chǎn)的分配等有關(guān)財產(chǎn)估價和分配問題經(jīng)常會產(chǎn)生糾紛。對于當(dāng)事人而言，迅捷確認(rèn)爭議物品的歸屬，或者實現(xiàn)合理的分割，優(yōu)效解決糾紛就是最大的利益。通過建立新的博弈規(guī)則，將討價還價縮短到兩個階段，能夠合理高效地確定財產(chǎn)的分割，保證雙方當(dāng)事人的利益，，使整個談判更富有效率。 對于因若干個價值差異較小，或者價值無法估計，但對當(dāng)事人而言卻有特殊意義的物品或者事項的分配引致的糾紛，同樣可以運(yùn)用博弈理論來解決。通過設(shè)置博弈規(guī)則，保證雙方能夠誠實的表述自己的偏好，合理的分配特殊物品的所有權(quán)或事項的處置權(quán)。 本論文根據(jù)研究的問題按照一定的邏輯思路共分為四個部分。 引言：提出選題目的及研究意義，并在此基礎(chǔ)上歸納了關(guān)于法律談判以及博弈論的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)。 第一部分：闡述博弈論的一般理論，介紹該理論的發(fā)展歷程、基本概念、分析基礎(chǔ)，并且對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)式博弈和擴(kuò)展式博弈做簡要的比較分析。 第二部分：介紹法律談判的概念、特征，并論述其現(xiàn)實意義及博弈基礎(chǔ)。 第三部分：運(yùn)用案例分析的方法討論博弈論在法律談判中的應(yīng)用，研究內(nèi)容包含四個部分：（1）運(yùn)用占優(yōu)均衡理論論述合同違約處罰條款的合理設(shè)置；（2）運(yùn)用子博弈納什均衡的原理分析當(dāng)事人和解的議價區(qū)間；（3）通過設(shè)立兩階段討價還價模型實現(xiàn)爭議財產(chǎn)的合理估價和分割；（4）探討運(yùn)用博弈理論實現(xiàn)特殊物品所有權(quán)或者事項處置權(quán)的合理分配。
[Abstract]:As the basis of autonomy of autonomy, legal negotiation is becoming one of the most important dispute resolution mechanisms in our country. Legal negotiations act as an interactive act between stakeholders. Only by carrying out the scientific analysis of the behavior of the stakeholders can we construct scientific, effective behavior selection and rational decision-making. The game theory of human behavior is undoubtedly an important research tool for legal negotiation. In this paper, we try to apply the game theory to the law practice, use the game model to describe the behavior choice and behavior result of the legal negotiation party, clarify the logical relation between the behavior and the result, And try to exploit the equilibrium concept in the game theory to explore the best way of reconciliation among the parties in the legal negotiation. The outcome of the negotiations is a consensual agreement or contract. Now, the setting of the contract breach penalty clause is an important way to fulfill the obligations of the parties to abide by the stipulations of the contract and realize the right The application of the dominant equilibrium theory can help the parties to scientifically analyze the agreement between the parties about damages for breach of contract and the way of breach of contract on the future behavior of the parties concerned, and to determine the reasonable cost to guarantee the commercial benign operation Section. For civil disputes such as labor compensation disputes, civil contract disputes, infringement disputes and other civil disputes, minor criminal cases and criminal cases of self-prosecution, the parties may use extended game analysis to choose conciliation or litigation more fully Full-term psychological expectation and offer a reasonable bargaining interval for reconciliation for reference by the parties, reasonable To compensate for the victim. A party can gain a bargaining power by controlling the variable of the bargaining interval More benefits. The parties involved in the valuation and distribution of property, such as the allocation of property between the spouses during the liquidation of the partnership, the division of the estate, the division of the estate in the case of divorce, the distribution of the common property among the spouses during the marriage Often there is a dispute. For the parties concerned, quick confirmation of the attribution of the disputed items, or the realization of reasonable segmentation, good effect settlement. By establishing new game rule, the bargaining can be shortened to two stages, the division of property can be determined reasonably and effectively, the interests of both parties are guaranteed, "The negotiation is more efficient. For disputes arising from the distribution of items or matters of special significance for the parties due to the small differences in value, or the value cannot be estimated, the same is the same for the parties concerned," The game theory can be used to solve the problem. By setting game rules, the parties can express their preferences honestly and reasonably allocate special items. Title or matter of ownership or matter. This paper is based on the question of the study Some logical thinking is divided into four parts: the introduction: the purpose of choosing the subject and the research significance, and on the basis of it. The first part: expatiates the general theory of game theory, introduces the development course, basic concept and analysis basis of the theory, and A brief comparison and analysis of the standard game and the expanded game is presented in the second part: the introduction of the method The concept and characteristics of law negotiation are discussed and the realistic meaning and game basis are discussed. The third part: The application of game theory in legal negotiation is discussed by using case analysis method, and the research content includes four parts: (1) using the dominant equilibrium theory to discuss the reasonable setting of the contract default penalty clause; (2) analyzing the bargaining interval of the party settlement by using the principle of the sub-game Nash equilibrium; (3) communicating; To establish a two-stage bargaining model to realize the reasonable valuation and division of the disputed property; (4) discuss the transportation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D90-051
本文編號：2302529
[Abstract]:As the basis of autonomy of autonomy, legal negotiation is becoming one of the most important dispute resolution mechanisms in our country. Legal negotiations act as an interactive act between stakeholders. Only by carrying out the scientific analysis of the behavior of the stakeholders can we construct scientific, effective behavior selection and rational decision-making. The game theory of human behavior is undoubtedly an important research tool for legal negotiation. In this paper, we try to apply the game theory to the law practice, use the game model to describe the behavior choice and behavior result of the legal negotiation party, clarify the logical relation between the behavior and the result, And try to exploit the equilibrium concept in the game theory to explore the best way of reconciliation among the parties in the legal negotiation. The outcome of the negotiations is a consensual agreement or contract. Now, the setting of the contract breach penalty clause is an important way to fulfill the obligations of the parties to abide by the stipulations of the contract and realize the right The application of the dominant equilibrium theory can help the parties to scientifically analyze the agreement between the parties about damages for breach of contract and the way of breach of contract on the future behavior of the parties concerned, and to determine the reasonable cost to guarantee the commercial benign operation Section. For civil disputes such as labor compensation disputes, civil contract disputes, infringement disputes and other civil disputes, minor criminal cases and criminal cases of self-prosecution, the parties may use extended game analysis to choose conciliation or litigation more fully Full-term psychological expectation and offer a reasonable bargaining interval for reconciliation for reference by the parties, reasonable To compensate for the victim. A party can gain a bargaining power by controlling the variable of the bargaining interval More benefits. The parties involved in the valuation and distribution of property, such as the allocation of property between the spouses during the liquidation of the partnership, the division of the estate, the division of the estate in the case of divorce, the distribution of the common property among the spouses during the marriage Often there is a dispute. For the parties concerned, quick confirmation of the attribution of the disputed items, or the realization of reasonable segmentation, good effect settlement. By establishing new game rule, the bargaining can be shortened to two stages, the division of property can be determined reasonably and effectively, the interests of both parties are guaranteed, "The negotiation is more efficient. For disputes arising from the distribution of items or matters of special significance for the parties due to the small differences in value, or the value cannot be estimated, the same is the same for the parties concerned," The game theory can be used to solve the problem. By setting game rules, the parties can express their preferences honestly and reasonably allocate special items. Title or matter of ownership or matter. This paper is based on the question of the study Some logical thinking is divided into four parts: the introduction: the purpose of choosing the subject and the research significance, and on the basis of it. The first part: expatiates the general theory of game theory, introduces the development course, basic concept and analysis basis of the theory, and A brief comparison and analysis of the standard game and the expanded game is presented in the second part: the introduction of the method The concept and characteristics of law negotiation are discussed and the realistic meaning and game basis are discussed. The third part: The application of game theory in legal negotiation is discussed by using case analysis method, and the research content includes four parts: (1) using the dominant equilibrium theory to discuss the reasonable setting of the contract default penalty clause; (2) analyzing the bargaining interval of the party settlement by using the principle of the sub-game Nash equilibrium; (3) communicating; To establish a two-stage bargaining model to realize the reasonable valuation and division of the disputed property; (4) discuss the transportation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D90-051
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 劉同君;;論法律談判的理念及其實踐把握[J];江蘇科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2009年03期
本文編號：2302529
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