【摘要】：當(dāng)前我國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展,社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型、體制轉(zhuǎn)軌,導(dǎo)致各種利益之間的相互博弈。原本就處于劣勢(shì)地位的社會(huì)弱勢(shì)群體規(guī)模在擴(kuò)大、程度在加深,成為這一過程中最大的受沖擊者。切實(shí)對(duì)弱勢(shì)群體權(quán)益加強(qiáng)保護(hù)其意義絕不限于對(duì)弱勢(shì)群體的施救,更是實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義共同富裕目標(biāo)的根本要求,是進(jìn)一步明確我國(guó)人權(quán)理念,保證社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定,彰顯社會(huì)公平正義的宗旨所在。對(duì)弱勢(shì)群體權(quán)益的保障程度及水平很大程度上也是一個(gè)國(guó)家綜合國(guó)力的側(cè)面體現(xiàn)。為此,我國(guó)立身法律層面,相繼出臺(tái)了諸多法律政策等,協(xié)同立法、司法、執(zhí)法等部門,不斷探究當(dāng)前新形勢(shì)的需要,爭(zhēng)取弱勢(shì)群體權(quán)益的切實(shí)維護(hù)。因?yàn)橹挥蟹刹攀潜Ｗo(hù)的最有效手段。本文也正是在法律視野下所進(jìn)行的理論探究。分為四大部分,其主要框架和內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介如下： 第一部分是有關(guān)弱勢(shì)群體概念、構(gòu)成和突出特征的基本理論的表述。其中通過對(duì)幾種代表學(xué)說的分析評(píng)判得出弱勢(shì)群體基本權(quán)利論的觀點(diǎn)；進(jìn)而通過對(duì)弱勢(shì)群體構(gòu)成理論的進(jìn)一步探究,最終得出各類學(xué)說下弱勢(shì)群體所共有的幾點(diǎn)明顯特征。深刻了我們對(duì)弱勢(shì)群體理論的認(rèn)識(shí)。 第二部分主要是弱勢(shì)群體權(quán)益法律保護(hù)的價(jià)值理論,證明弱勢(shì)群體權(quán)益保護(hù)的重要性。包括加強(qiáng)弱勢(shì)群體權(quán)益保護(hù)是人權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)的必然要求；公平正義價(jià)值之需；和諧社會(huì)秩序維護(hù)之需；公眾對(duì)公權(quán)力信任之需；最后提出只有法律才能使弱勢(shì)群體保障落到實(shí)處。 第三部分是弱勢(shì)群體權(quán)益法律保護(hù)的現(xiàn)狀。包括我國(guó)當(dāng)前在憲法、法律以及其他方面的立法保護(hù)以及司法機(jī)關(guān)為此說作出的種種努力和取得的成績(jī)；也包括這個(gè)過程中基于各種現(xiàn)實(shí)因素所遇到的弱勢(shì)群體權(quán)利得不到伸張的諸多障礙和這個(gè)過程中所顯現(xiàn)出的立法、司法等環(huán)節(jié)的問題和不足。 第四部分是針對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)問題和不足所提出的完善性措施和對(duì)策。包括立法、執(zhí)法、司法三方面的努力。以堅(jiān)持立法所應(yīng)堅(jiān)持的幾項(xiàng)基本原則和構(gòu)建完整立法體系作為立法方面的重點(diǎn)；以強(qiáng)化政府依法履行職責(zé)的觀念和完善相關(guān)執(zhí)法制度作為嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法的重要依據(jù)；以降低弱勢(shì)群體訴訟的經(jīng)濟(jì)成本,提高司法的效率,加重有關(guān)機(jī)關(guān)該舉證不舉證或不完全舉證的責(zé)任承擔(dān)作為加強(qiáng)弱勢(shì)群體的司法救助,實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的司法公正的重要舉措。
[Abstract]:At present, the rapid development of market economy, the transformation of social structure and the transition of system lead to the mutual game between various interests. The scale of the disadvantaged groups in the society is expanding and the degree is deepening, and they become the biggest assailants in the process. The significance of strengthening the protection of the rights and interests of the vulnerable groups is not limited to the rescue of the vulnerable groups. It is also the fundamental requirement for realizing the goal of common prosperity of socialism. It is to further clarify the concept of human rights in our country and to ensure social harmony and stability. To show the purpose of social fairness and justice. The degree and level of protection of the rights and interests of vulnerable groups is also the embodiment of a country's comprehensive national strength to a great extent. Therefore, in order to protect the rights and interests of the vulnerable groups, China has successively issued many laws and policies, and cooperated with the departments of legislation, judicature, law enforcement and so on to explore the needs of the current new situation and to strive for the effective protection of the rights and interests of the vulnerable groups. Because only the law is the most effective means of protection. This article is also in the legal field of view of the theoretical exploration. It is divided into four parts. The main framework and content are as follows: the first part is the description of the basic theory about the concept, constitution and prominent characteristics of the vulnerable group. Through the analysis and evaluation of several representative theories, the basic rights theory of vulnerable groups is obtained, and then through the further exploration of the theory of the constitution of vulnerable groups, some obvious characteristics shared by vulnerable groups under various theories are finally obtained. Profound understanding of the theory of vulnerable groups. The second part is the value theory of the legal protection of the rights and interests of the vulnerable groups, which proves the importance of the protection of the rights and interests of the vulnerable groups. Including strengthening the protection of the rights and interests of vulnerable groups is the inevitable requirement for the realization of human rights; the need for fair and just value; the need for the maintenance of harmonious social order; the need for public trust in public power; finally, it is proposed that only the law can make the protection of vulnerable groups come true. The third part is the current situation of legal protection of the rights and interests of vulnerable groups. Including the current constitutional, legal and other aspects of legislative protection, as well as the efforts and achievements of the judiciary to this end; It also includes a lot of obstacles that the vulnerable groups' rights can not be extended on the basis of various realistic factors, and the problems and shortcomings of legislation, judicature and so on in this process. The fourth part is the perfect measures and countermeasures to solve the problems and deficiencies. Including legislation, law enforcement, judicial efforts. The emphasis of legislation is to adhere to several basic principles and to construct a complete legislative system, to strengthen the concept of the government to perform its duties in accordance with the law and to improve the relevant law enforcement system as the important basis for strict law enforcement. In order to reduce the economic cost of the litigation of the vulnerable groups, improve the efficiency of the judiciary, and aggravate the burden of proof, which is not proof or not complete, it is an important measure to strengthen the judicial aid of the vulnerable groups and to realize the real justice of justice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D920.4

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