論我國(guó)公民訴訟中法律意識(shí)的缺陷及完善
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-07 16:53
【摘要】：黨的第十五次代表大會(huì)確立“依法治國(guó),建設(shè)社會(huì)主義法治國(guó)家”方略以來,我國(guó)法治建設(shè)取得長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展,制定出大量順應(yīng)時(shí)代經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的法律,制度化的法治已在我國(guó)基本建立,滿足了“有法可依”的需求;普法計(jì)劃的推進(jìn),使得社會(huì)主義法律為更多公民所了解。 由于法治并非我國(guó)固有的傳統(tǒng),法治思想從國(guó)外移植到中國(guó)的效果也并不盡如人意,在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中依然有很多與法治格格不入的現(xiàn)象存在,尤其是公民對(duì)待訴訟的態(tài)度,突出體現(xiàn)了公民法律意識(shí)中存在的問題。本文將觀察到的幾種現(xiàn)象分成三類進(jìn)行論述。第一,公民對(duì)法律普通存在的冷漠、厭惡、規(guī)避心理。第二,行政權(quán)力對(duì)司法的干涉,以權(quán)壓法、人情代法。第三,法律權(quán)威不足、執(zhí)法不嚴(yán),普通存在拒不執(zhí)行法院判決的現(xiàn)象。 我國(guó)歷史文化悠久而連續(xù)不斷,分析當(dāng)前許多社會(huì)現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因都擺脫不了五千年的歷史文化。就以上歸納的三種現(xiàn)象,本文從歷史和時(shí)代兩方面分析原因。首先,歷史原因。從四個(gè)角度出發(fā):政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化及法律起源。政治方面,行政司法合一歷史格局導(dǎo)致行政司法不分、以權(quán)壓法;經(jīng)濟(jì)方面,以小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)為主的農(nóng)業(yè)文明孕育的固態(tài)、單調(diào)人際關(guān)系,產(chǎn)生的糾紛很少,對(duì)法律及訴訟的需求也大大減少;法律起源,刑起于兵,導(dǎo)致重刑輕民的法律體系、用刑罰貫徹民事、刑事糾紛的解決中,使普通公民對(duì)法律產(chǎn)生恐懼和排斥情緒;文化原因,宗族禮法制度,輕法治,強(qiáng)調(diào)等級(jí)序列,尊崇權(quán)力。其次,時(shí)代原因。從法律權(quán)威不足、司法和執(zhí)法部門在法律運(yùn)行中的不公正及法院判決執(zhí)行的不力等方面闡述以上三個(gè)原因?qū)穹梢庾R(shí)產(chǎn)生的沖擊。 在分析原因的基礎(chǔ)上,文章有針對(duì)性的提出四個(gè)解決途徑。一,轉(zhuǎn)變普法重點(diǎn),重視法精神和主體意識(shí)的培養(yǎng);二,改良司法機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置,強(qiáng)化完善審判系統(tǒng)的獨(dú)立性;三,經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的變革是完善法律意識(shí)的基礎(chǔ);四,建立法律信仰。 文章在闡述現(xiàn)象和分析原因過程中,采用了文獻(xiàn)法、對(duì)比法、理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際的方法,在大量閱讀和吸收前人論述的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)比古、今及中、外公民法律意識(shí)現(xiàn)象,對(duì)當(dāng)代我國(guó)公民訴訟中法律意識(shí)的問題,分析原因,提出對(duì)策。
[Abstract]:Since the 15th Congress of the Party established the general plan of "governing the country according to law and building a socialist country ruled by law", the construction of the rule of law in our country has made considerable progress, and a large number of laws have been formulated to conform to the economic and social development of the times. The institutionalization of the rule of law has been basically established in our country, which satisfies the need of "having laws to abide by", and the promotion of the plan of popularizing laws makes the socialist laws understood by more citizens. Because the rule of law is not an inherent tradition of our country, the effect of transplanting the thought of rule of law from abroad to China is not satisfactory. In real life, there are still many phenomena which are incompatible with the rule of law, especially the attitude of citizens towards litigation. It highlights the problems existing in the citizen's legal consciousness. In this paper, the observed phenomena are divided into three categories to be discussed. First, citizens are indifferent, averse and circumvent to the ordinary existence of the law. Second, the interference of administrative power to the judiciary, power to suppress the law, human law. Third, the lack of legal authority, lax enforcement of the law, the general phenomenon of refusal to implement court decisions. China has a long and continuous history and culture. Analyzing the causes of many current social phenomena can not get rid of five thousand years of history and culture. In view of the above three kinds of phenomena, this paper analyzes the reasons from the historical and historical aspects. First, historical reasons. From four angles: political, economic, cultural and legal origins. In the political aspect, the historical pattern of the combination of administration and judicature leads to the administration of justice regardless of the law of power and pressure; in the economic aspect, the agricultural civilization, dominated by the small peasant economy, breeds solid state, monotonous interpersonal relations, and produces few disputes. The demand for law and litigation has also been greatly reduced; the origin of the law, the beginning of the punishment from the military, the legal system that led to heavy punishment and light of the people, the implementation of civil and criminal disputes with penalties, has caused fear and rejection of the law among ordinary citizens; cultural reasons, Clan etiquette system, light rule of law, emphasis on hierarchical sequence, respect for power. Secondly, the reason of the times. This paper expounds the impact of the above three reasons on the citizen's legal consciousness from the aspects of the lack of legal authority, the injustice in the operation of the law by the judicial and law enforcement departments and the ineffectiveness of the execution of the court's judgment. On the basis of analyzing the reasons, this paper puts forward four solutions. First, change the emphasis of law popularization, attach importance to the cultivation of the spirit of law and the consciousness of subject; second, improve the establishment of judicial institutions and strengthen the independence of the trial system; third, the reform of the economic field is the basis of improving the legal consciousness; fourth, establish the legal belief. In the process of explaining the phenomenon and analyzing the reasons, the paper adopts the methods of literature, contrast, theory and practice, and compares the legal consciousness of ancient, modern and foreign citizens on the basis of reading and absorbing the previous exposition. This paper analyzes the problems of legal consciousness in civil litigation in contemporary China, and puts forward some countermeasures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D920.0
本文編號(hào)：2228851
[Abstract]:Since the 15th Congress of the Party established the general plan of "governing the country according to law and building a socialist country ruled by law", the construction of the rule of law in our country has made considerable progress, and a large number of laws have been formulated to conform to the economic and social development of the times. The institutionalization of the rule of law has been basically established in our country, which satisfies the need of "having laws to abide by", and the promotion of the plan of popularizing laws makes the socialist laws understood by more citizens. Because the rule of law is not an inherent tradition of our country, the effect of transplanting the thought of rule of law from abroad to China is not satisfactory. In real life, there are still many phenomena which are incompatible with the rule of law, especially the attitude of citizens towards litigation. It highlights the problems existing in the citizen's legal consciousness. In this paper, the observed phenomena are divided into three categories to be discussed. First, citizens are indifferent, averse and circumvent to the ordinary existence of the law. Second, the interference of administrative power to the judiciary, power to suppress the law, human law. Third, the lack of legal authority, lax enforcement of the law, the general phenomenon of refusal to implement court decisions. China has a long and continuous history and culture. Analyzing the causes of many current social phenomena can not get rid of five thousand years of history and culture. In view of the above three kinds of phenomena, this paper analyzes the reasons from the historical and historical aspects. First, historical reasons. From four angles: political, economic, cultural and legal origins. In the political aspect, the historical pattern of the combination of administration and judicature leads to the administration of justice regardless of the law of power and pressure; in the economic aspect, the agricultural civilization, dominated by the small peasant economy, breeds solid state, monotonous interpersonal relations, and produces few disputes. The demand for law and litigation has also been greatly reduced; the origin of the law, the beginning of the punishment from the military, the legal system that led to heavy punishment and light of the people, the implementation of civil and criminal disputes with penalties, has caused fear and rejection of the law among ordinary citizens; cultural reasons, Clan etiquette system, light rule of law, emphasis on hierarchical sequence, respect for power. Secondly, the reason of the times. This paper expounds the impact of the above three reasons on the citizen's legal consciousness from the aspects of the lack of legal authority, the injustice in the operation of the law by the judicial and law enforcement departments and the ineffectiveness of the execution of the court's judgment. On the basis of analyzing the reasons, this paper puts forward four solutions. First, change the emphasis of law popularization, attach importance to the cultivation of the spirit of law and the consciousness of subject; second, improve the establishment of judicial institutions and strengthen the independence of the trial system; third, the reform of the economic field is the basis of improving the legal consciousness; fourth, establish the legal belief. In the process of explaining the phenomenon and analyzing the reasons, the paper adopts the methods of literature, contrast, theory and practice, and compares the legal consciousness of ancient, modern and foreign citizens on the basis of reading and absorbing the previous exposition. This paper analyzes the problems of legal consciousness in civil litigation in contemporary China, and puts forward some countermeasures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D920.0
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