【摘要】：虛擬死罪是清朝法律制度下的特有現(xiàn)象,它是指按律擬定死罪,而實(shí)際經(jīng)過秋審卻不獲死刑之執(zhí)行,按照慣例可得緩決或減免的一種情況。虛擬死罪的產(chǎn)生是基于清朝特有的法律制度,比如清朝立法將死刑執(zhí)行分為立決與監(jiān)候、完善的秋朝審等都為虛擬死罪的產(chǎn)生提供了條件。虛擬死罪的種類主要有戲殺、誤殺、擅殺三種,本文對這三種犯罪歷代的定罪量刑進(jìn)行了梳理,并與清朝的立法規(guī)定進(jìn)行對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)清朝對這三罪名的處罰較之明朝以前尤其是唐朝稍重,這也是虛擬死罪改革的內(nèi)在原因之一。治外法權(quán)的喪失以及西方法律文化的傳播促使清政府要制定與國際接軌的新法律,修律大臣在接受西方先進(jìn)刑法觀念與分析傳統(tǒng)刑律的基礎(chǔ)上提出了虛擬死罪的改革。改革刪除了戲殺、誤殺、擅殺的死刑監(jiān)候規(guī)定,直接改為流刑或徒刑,雖然有人對改革提出了異議,但是清廷最終批準(zhǔn)了改革并通過《大清現(xiàn)行刑律》的制定將改革成果法律化。改革的成功對清朝的制度建設(shè)與后世的思想觀念具有重大意義。它促使清朝秋朝審進(jìn)行改革,一系列的改革措施使秋審制度發(fā)生了重大變化,并最終退出歷史舞臺。虛擬死罪的改革還改變了當(dāng)時人們的死刑觀念,使清朝上層社會接受了西方先進(jìn)的刑法思想,對以后的死刑制度的確立奠定了思想基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Fictitious death penalty is a special phenomenon under the legal system of Qing Dynasty. It refers to a situation in which the death penalty is drawn up according to the law, but the execution of the death penalty is not obtained after the autumn trial, and can be suspended or reduced according to the convention. The emergence of virtual capital crime is based on the Qing Dynasty unique legal system, such as the Qing Dynasty legislation will be divided into the execution of the death penalty and prison, perfect Qiu court trial and so on for the emergence of the virtual death penalty conditions. There are three kinds of fictitious capital crime: play kill, manslaughter and tampering. This paper combs the conviction and sentencing of these three crimes in the past dynasties, and compares them with the legislation of the Qing Dynasty. It was found that the punishment of the three charges in Qing Dynasty was slightly heavier than that in the Ming Dynasty, especially in the Tang Dynasty, which was one of the internal reasons for the fictitious death penalty reform. The loss of extraterritorial jurisdiction and the spread of western legal culture prompted the Qing government to formulate new laws in line with international standards. The minister of law revision put forward the reform of fictitious death penalty on the basis of accepting the western advanced criminal law concept and analyzing the traditional criminal law. The reform has removed the death penalty prison provisions for murder, manslaughter, and changed them directly to live-sentence or imprisonment, although some people have raised objections to the reform. However, the Qing government finally approved the reform and legalized the achievements through the enactment of the current Criminal Law of the Qing Dynasty. The success of the reform is of great significance to the system construction of Qing Dynasty and the ideology of later generations. It prompted the Qing Dynasty to carry on the reform in the autumn court, a series of reform measures made the autumn trial system change greatly, and finally withdrew from the historical stage. The reform of fictitious death penalty also changed people's concept of death penalty at that time, made the upper class of Qing Dynasty accept the advanced western criminal law thought, and laid an ideological foundation for the later establishment of death penalty system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D929;D924

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