從清末法律改革看法律移植
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-30 08:25
【摘要】：1840年鴉片戰(zhàn)爭之后，西方列強不斷加強了對中國的侵略，致使中國無論是社會還是經濟結構上都發(fā)生了前所未有的改變。眾多學者在清廷的要求或者自身執(zhí)著追求下，掀起了改革的浪潮，從而有了清末的法律變革運動。 經濟上，中國傳統(tǒng)經濟受到沖擊；法律上，原本的法律條文晦澀難懂和諸多不足；政治上，階級斗爭日益尖銳，政局動蕩不安；文化上，西方法律文化沖擊著中國的傳統(tǒng)法律文化，在對比之下凸顯了西方法律的先進之處；除此之外，外國列強的入侵，日本等國的變法成功，都是清末時期進行法律改革的誘因。清廷對中國原本的法律進行的刪減和修改，并且大量的借鑒和移植了西方的先進法律制度。 清末法律改革，為中國的近代法學的發(fā)展拉開了帷幕。中國法學得到長遠的發(fā)展，比較法學也開始嶄露頭角。人們的法律觀念逐漸形成，使得人們的行為模式都在新的法律觀念的支配下展開進行。 清末法律改革進程中，中西方法律傳統(tǒng)猶如進行了一次大規(guī)模的較量，中西方法律的差異也呈現(xiàn)出來：法律價值核心的差異、國家治理方式的不同、對人性善惡認識的不同和思維模式的差異，這都一定程度上影響著法律移植的進行。但在整個過程中，我們也可以看到中西方法律二者的融合之處：中國從傳統(tǒng)的集體主義向西方的個人主義靠近，中西方國家的法律價值觀念也逐漸融合，中國從傳統(tǒng)的法律倫理化逐步走向西方國家的道德法律化。 通過對清末法律改革的深入認識，讓我們總結出對當今中國在世界一體化進程中如何能更好的進行法律借鑒和移植活動。在分清楚主被動移植的基礎上，，把握好法律本土化，樹立科學的法律移植理念，堅持維護主權統(tǒng)一原則，主客觀統(tǒng)一原則，法律移植最大化原則，用恰當?shù)姆绞竭x擇性地進行法律移植，全面地放眼觀察和把握法律移植的歷史線條，同時要注重對法律人才的培養(yǎng)，才能讓中國的法制建設有更加美好燦爛的明天。
[Abstract]:After the Opium War in 1840, Western powers strengthened their aggression against China, which caused unprecedented changes in China's social and economic structure. Many scholars set off a wave of reform at the request of the Qing government or their own persistent pursuit, so that there was a legal reform movement in the late Qing Dynasty. Economically, the traditional Chinese economy has been hit; in law, the original provisions of the law are obscure and difficult to understand and many deficiencies; in politics, class struggle is becoming increasingly acute, political situation is volatile; and culturally, The western legal culture impacts on the traditional legal culture of China, which highlights the advantages of western law. In addition, the invasion of foreign powers and the successful reform of Japan and other countries are all the inducements for the legal reform in the late Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty abridged and modified the original laws of China, and used for reference and transplanted the western advanced legal system. The legal reform in the late Qing Dynasty opened the curtain for the development of Chinese modern law. Chinese law has been long-term development, comparative law has also begun to emerge. People's legal concept is gradually formed, which makes people's behavior mode under the control of new legal concepts. In the process of law reform in the late Qing Dynasty, the legal tradition of China and the West was like a large-scale contest, and the differences between Chinese and Western laws also appeared: the differences of the core of legal value, the different ways of national governance, To some extent, the different understanding of human good and evil and the difference of thinking mode affect the transplantation of law. However, in the whole process, we can also see the fusion of Chinese and Western law: China is moving from traditional collectivism to western individualism, and the legal values of Chinese and western countries are also gradually converging. China has gradually moved from the traditional legal ethics to the moral legalization in western countries. Through the in-depth understanding of the legal reform in the late Qing Dynasty, let us sum up how to better carry out legal reference and transplantation activities in the process of world integration in China today. On the basis of distinguishing between active and passive transplantation, we should grasp the localization of law, establish a scientific concept of legal transplantation, uphold the principle of sovereignty unification, subjective and objective unification, and maximization of legal transplantation. In order to make the legal construction of China have a brighter future, we should selectively carry out legal transplantation in a proper way, observe and grasp the historical lines of legal transplantation in an all-round way, and at the same time pay attention to the cultivation of legal talents.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D929
本文編號：2212529
[Abstract]:After the Opium War in 1840, Western powers strengthened their aggression against China, which caused unprecedented changes in China's social and economic structure. Many scholars set off a wave of reform at the request of the Qing government or their own persistent pursuit, so that there was a legal reform movement in the late Qing Dynasty. Economically, the traditional Chinese economy has been hit; in law, the original provisions of the law are obscure and difficult to understand and many deficiencies; in politics, class struggle is becoming increasingly acute, political situation is volatile; and culturally, The western legal culture impacts on the traditional legal culture of China, which highlights the advantages of western law. In addition, the invasion of foreign powers and the successful reform of Japan and other countries are all the inducements for the legal reform in the late Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty abridged and modified the original laws of China, and used for reference and transplanted the western advanced legal system. The legal reform in the late Qing Dynasty opened the curtain for the development of Chinese modern law. Chinese law has been long-term development, comparative law has also begun to emerge. People's legal concept is gradually formed, which makes people's behavior mode under the control of new legal concepts. In the process of law reform in the late Qing Dynasty, the legal tradition of China and the West was like a large-scale contest, and the differences between Chinese and Western laws also appeared: the differences of the core of legal value, the different ways of national governance, To some extent, the different understanding of human good and evil and the difference of thinking mode affect the transplantation of law. However, in the whole process, we can also see the fusion of Chinese and Western law: China is moving from traditional collectivism to western individualism, and the legal values of Chinese and western countries are also gradually converging. China has gradually moved from the traditional legal ethics to the moral legalization in western countries. Through the in-depth understanding of the legal reform in the late Qing Dynasty, let us sum up how to better carry out legal reference and transplantation activities in the process of world integration in China today. On the basis of distinguishing between active and passive transplantation, we should grasp the localization of law, establish a scientific concept of legal transplantation, uphold the principle of sovereignty unification, subjective and objective unification, and maximization of legal transplantation. In order to make the legal construction of China have a brighter future, we should selectively carry out legal transplantation in a proper way, observe and grasp the historical lines of legal transplantation in an all-round way, and at the same time pay attention to the cultivation of legal talents.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D929
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