本文選題：守法 + 激勵(lì)�。� 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：關(guān)于守法激勵(lì)問(wèn)題的探討是在近些年才開(kāi)始的,隨著社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展,對(duì)于法治程度的要求不斷提高,特別是近期關(guān)于“全民守法”的普遍提倡,使得如何能夠更好的促進(jìn)人們守法成為了越來(lái)越引起關(guān)注的現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題。守法的重要性不言而喻,守法行為應(yīng)當(dāng)值得提倡,但是采用何種方法來(lái)對(duì)其提升和強(qiáng)化,需要更深一步的研究。通過(guò)激勵(lì)的方式來(lái)為促進(jìn)守法的問(wèn)題拓寬思路,能夠提供一種新的思考視角,并不否認(rèn)守法義務(wù)存在的合法性,而是為了超越義務(wù)性的觀念去促進(jìn)人們積極地遵守法律,更多的避免違法行為。因此,需要從人的法律行為入手,運(yùn)用法經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的理論前提,將人作為具有“有限理性”特征的行為個(gè)體,來(lái)分析守法的行為動(dòng)機(jī)以及影響因素,同時(shí)包括行為的機(jī)會(huì)主義特征、社會(huì)偏好與偏好多樣性的行為特點(diǎn)等,并結(jié)合管理學(xué)中激勵(lì)的相關(guān)理論來(lái)為守法激勵(lì)分析提供理論支撐。本文從我國(guó)法治現(xiàn)狀為出發(fā)點(diǎn),分析守法問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)的弊端與困境,總結(jié)了幾種較為突出的阻礙守法秩序的情況,意在引出對(duì)于守法問(wèn)題的進(jìn)一步思考。通過(guò)對(duì)守法行為的影響因素進(jìn)行逐一分析,運(yùn)用對(duì)比的方式,將守法行為和違法行為的社會(huì)影響因素進(jìn)行比照,從人的個(gè)體主觀性和社會(huì)綜合性相結(jié)合的視角,意在尋找出守法的內(nèi)在根源。根據(jù)守法者的有限理性、有限自利、有限意志等特征,盡管也存在著效用最大化的傾向,但是在具體行為中會(huì)存在著認(rèn)知偏差或誤解,使得行為結(jié)果并非最優(yōu),同時(shí)各種不同的社會(huì)偏好,也會(huì)對(duì)行為決策產(chǎn)生影響。文中主要運(yùn)用法經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中的經(jīng)典分析方法——成本收益分析方法來(lái)對(duì)守法行為進(jìn)行剖析,每一個(gè)守法行為都具有一定的守法成本與守法收益,行為人正是通過(guò)對(duì)二者的權(quán)衡對(duì)比,從而來(lái)決定是守法還是違法。文章的重點(diǎn)在于對(duì)激勵(lì)理論的深入和展開(kāi),從激勵(lì)的本質(zhì)出發(fā),以不斷完善行為人的守法意識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)為目的,彌補(bǔ)其有限理性的行為弱點(diǎn),分層次的進(jìn)行守法激勵(lì)的模式設(shè)計(jì)。從激勵(lì)的模型種類來(lái)看主要分為自勵(lì)、他勵(lì)和互勵(lì)三種,而具體的表現(xiàn)形式則主要是分為物質(zhì)激勵(lì)和精神激勵(lì)兩個(gè)層面。其中,現(xiàn)實(shí)中較為常用的激勵(lì)方式僅為物質(zhì)激勵(lì)方式,而精神激勵(lì)大多是從道德上來(lái)發(fā)揮影響作用。要在實(shí)踐中從制度層面對(duì)守法激勵(lì)予以改進(jìn)和完善,還需要從執(zhí)法與司法環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行分工輔助和保障實(shí)施。守法激勵(lì)是一種動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程,它體現(xiàn)的不僅是行為人自身的動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)變和提升,也體現(xiàn)出法治運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)中其他環(huán)節(jié)的共同協(xié)作。一方面要提高執(zhí)法與司法效率,通過(guò)降低守法成本、提高違法成本的方式來(lái)綜合促進(jìn)守法;另一方面還可以在法律規(guī)定范圍內(nèi)采用一些制度創(chuàng)新手段,比如守法誠(chéng)信機(jī)制、守法援助機(jī)制等。從多角度來(lái)共同發(fā)揮守法激勵(lì)功能。
[Abstract]:The discussion on the problem of law abiding motivation has only begun in recent years. With the continuous development of the society, the demand for the degree of the rule of law has been increasing, especially the general promotion of the "national law abiding" in the near future, which makes it more and more important to promote people to keep the law. The importance of the law abiding is not spoken. However, the act of law-abiding should be worthy of advocating, but what means to promote and strengthen it should be further studied. Through the way of encouragement to broaden the thinking of promoting the law, it can provide a new perspective of thinking, not deny the legitimacy of the existence of the law, but to surpass the concept of obligation to promote. It is necessary to start with the legal behavior of the people and use the theoretical premise of the law and economics to analyze the behavior motivation and influence factors of the law, including the opportunism characteristics of the behavior, the social preference and bias. This paper provides a theoretical support for the analysis of law - abiding motivation based on the theory of incentive in management. This paper, based on the status quo of the rule of law in our country, analyzes the disadvantages and difficulties of the problem of law-abiding, and summarizes several more prominent obstacles to the law - abiding order, which is intended to lead to the further problem of law-abiding. Thinking. Through the analysis of the influencing factors of the act of law-abiding, by contrast, the social influence factors of the law abiding and the illegal act are compared. From the perspective of the combination of individual subjectivity and social comprehensiveness, it is intended to find the inner root of the law abiding. According to the limited rationality of the law-abiding, the limited self-interest, the limited meaning. Although there are also the tendency of maximization of utility, there are cognitive deviations or misunderstandings in specific behavior, which make the result of behavior not optimal. At the same time, different social preferences also affect the behavior decision. In this paper, the classical analysis method in law and economics, the cost and benefit analysis method, is used in this paper. To analyze the act of law-abiding, each act of law-abiding has a certain law abiding and law-abiding benefits. The actor is through the balance of the two, which determines whether it is law-abiding or illegal. The emphasis of the article lies in the deepening and expansion of the incentive theory, starting from the essence of the incentive, and constantly improving the behavior of the perpetrator. The purpose of understanding structure is to make up for its limited rational behavior weakness, and to design the pattern of law-abiding motivation in different levels. From the type of incentive model, it is divided into three kinds, namely self encouragement, encouragement and mutual encouragement, while the concrete forms of expression are divided into two levels of material motivation and spiritual motivation. Among them, the more commonly used incentive methods in reality It is only the way of material incentive, and the spiritual motivation is mostly from the moral. In practice, it is necessary to improve and improve the law enforcement and judicial links in the course of practice. It is also a dynamic process, which embodies not only the motivation of the actor itself. On the one hand, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of law enforcement and judicature, and to promote law-abiding by reducing the law of law-abiding and raising the cost of the law. On the other hand, we can also adopt some institutional innovation means, such as law-abiding honesty and integrity mechanism, and defend legal aid within the scope of law. Help mechanism and so on. We should give full play to the incentive function of obeying the law from many angles.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D90-052

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