本文選題：管業(yè)秩序 + 地權(quán)分化　； 參考：《法學(xué)研究》2017年05期

【摘要】：明清時(shí)期的地權(quán)秩序表現(xiàn)為受制于國(guó)家政治權(quán)力的宏觀(guān)地權(quán)秩序與鄉(xiāng)土社會(huì)原生自發(fā)形成的微觀(guān)地權(quán)秩序的二元結(jié)構(gòu)。民間地權(quán)秩序以"業(yè)"為核心概念,以私人契約為工具,分化為永佃、一田二主、典制等多樣態(tài)的管業(yè)層級(jí)以及典賣(mài)、活賣(mài)、絕賣(mài)等一系列交易形態(tài)。諸管業(yè)層級(jí)根據(jù)經(jīng)營(yíng)收益、流通性、管業(yè)年限與稅賦風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等四種影響因子,體現(xiàn)為不同的權(quán)利內(nèi)容與地權(quán)價(jià)值。諸地權(quán)交易類(lèi)型以當(dāng)前收益與未來(lái)收益兩個(gè)維度構(gòu)建起統(tǒng)一的交易鏈條與理論框架。民間自發(fā)的地權(quán)分化所催生的復(fù)雜地權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)起到了明晰產(chǎn)權(quán)與降低交易成本的積極功效,其成因根植于明清社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的變遷之中。明清時(shí)期地權(quán)秩序呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)的抽象和相對(duì)性觀(guān)念、時(shí)間維度上的靈活性特征,不同于大陸法系以絕對(duì)所有權(quán)為中心的物權(quán)觀(guān)念以及"所有權(quán)—他物權(quán)"結(jié)構(gòu),這一觀(guān)察對(duì)我國(guó)農(nóng)地"三權(quán)分置"改革頗具啟發(fā)意義。
[Abstract]:The order of land rights in the Ming and Qing dynasties was the dual structure of the macro-order of land rights which was restricted by the political power of the state and the micro-order of land rights formed spontaneously by the native society. The order of civil land rights takes "industry" as the core concept and private contract as the tool. It is divided into permanent tenancy, one field and two owners, the canonical system and so on, and a series of transaction forms such as classic sale, live sale, absolute sale and so on. According to the operating income, circulation, the number of years of management and tax risk, the four influencing factors are different content of rights and value of land rights. The transaction types of land rights construct a unified transaction chain and theoretical framework based on the two dimensions of current income and future income. The complex structure of land ownership caused by the spontaneous division of land rights played a positive role in clarifying property rights and reducing transaction costs, and its causes were rooted in the social and economic changes of Ming and Qing dynasties. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the concept of abstraction and relativity in the order of land rights, and the characteristics of flexibility in the dimension of time, are different from the concept of real right centered on absolute ownership in the continental law system and the structure of "ownership-other real right". This observation is instructive to the reform of the three-power division of farmland in our country.
【作者單位】： 清華大學(xué)法學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家社科基金青年項(xiàng)目(16CFX033) 清華大學(xué)自主科研計(jì)劃課題(2015THZ0)的階段性成果
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D929

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