本文選題：政府 + 反壟斷�。� 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái),中國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展,市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制逐步建立和完善。隨著市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的不斷加劇,中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)逐漸出現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)性壟斷；隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和對(duì)外開(kāi)放程度的不斷加深,大量跨國(guó)公司和外資企業(yè)進(jìn)入中國(guó),憑借其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)在中國(guó)市場(chǎng)取得壟斷地位；在網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下,壟斷的形成機(jī)制和績(jī)效的變化導(dǎo)致新型壟斷的產(chǎn)生；轉(zhuǎn)軌經(jīng)濟(jì)中,中國(guó)的行政壟斷問(wèn)題對(duì)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制的破壞越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。面對(duì)新的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì),為了保護(hù)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制,政府需要在反壟斷上有所作為。管制和反壟斷立法是政府反壟斷的兩種主要方式。但由于信息不對(duì)稱和管制俘獲等原因,政府對(duì)壟斷行業(yè)進(jìn)行管制有時(shí)不僅不會(huì)彌補(bǔ)“市場(chǎng)失靈”,反而還會(huì)導(dǎo)致“政府失靈”。在政府管制低效率的情況下,越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家,特別是市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)國(guó)家,一方面,逐漸放松政府管制,積極剝離自然壟斷行業(yè)中的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)節(jié)；另一方面,尋求通過(guò)反壟斷立法來(lái)對(duì)壟斷行為進(jìn)行規(guī)制。反壟斷法逐漸成為當(dāng)今各國(guó)政府對(duì)壟斷進(jìn)行規(guī)制的主要手段。1890年美國(guó)頒布的《謝爾曼法》是世界上第一部具有現(xiàn)代意義的反壟斷法,對(duì)其它國(guó)家反壟斷立法提供了很好的參考價(jià)值。而中國(guó)反壟斷法剛頒布不久,政府缺乏反壟斷執(zhí)法經(jīng)驗(yàn)。因此,從對(duì)比中美兩國(guó)反壟斷立法背景的角度來(lái)研究政府在反壟斷中的作用,對(duì)中國(guó)政府反壟斷具有很大的理論和實(shí)踐意義。 本文從反壟斷立法的角度,通過(guò)對(duì)比《謝爾曼法》和中國(guó)反壟斷法頒布前的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)背景、壟斷形成過(guò)程與性質(zhì)、利益群體立法博弈等方面的差異,來(lái)探討中國(guó)政府在反壟斷中的作用和目標(biāo)取向。在反壟斷立法的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)背景方面,中美兩國(guó)具有相似的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)；但與美國(guó)相比,中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的外貿(mào)依存度較高,說(shuō)明中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的國(guó)際化程度較高,中國(guó)反壟斷立法會(huì)受到國(guó)際宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)更多的影響；中國(guó)的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)主體具有多元性,包含國(guó)有企業(yè)、跨國(guó)公司和私有企業(yè)等；中國(guó)政府在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制形成過(guò)程中發(fā)揮更加重要的作用,市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革是在政府主導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的；此外,中國(guó)反壟斷立法還面臨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)的雙重挑戰(zhàn)。在壟斷形成和性質(zhì)方面,與美國(guó)相比,中國(guó)的行政性壟斷比經(jīng)濟(jì)性壟斷對(duì)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制的破壞作用更嚴(yán)重,應(yīng)該成為反壟斷法的重點(diǎn)規(guī)制對(duì)象；中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)性壟斷已經(jīng)形成,壟斷形式表現(xiàn)為傳統(tǒng)壟斷、跨國(guó)壟斷與網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下的新型壟斷相互交織的特點(diǎn)。在利益群體立法博弈方面,與美國(guó)相比,中國(guó)各經(jīng)濟(jì)利益群體在反壟斷立法過(guò)程中力量對(duì)比懸殊,弱勢(shì)群體的利益表達(dá)渠道不暢通,消費(fèi)者和普通民眾的作用較�。恢袊�(guó)政府在反壟斷立法中扮演“裁判員”與“運(yùn)動(dòng)員”的雙重角色。利益群體發(fā)展不均衡、利益表達(dá)渠道不暢通和政府的雙重角色可能會(huì)使政府在反壟斷立法與執(zhí)法中的目標(biāo)取向發(fā)生異化。在新的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境下,中國(guó)政府在反壟斷立法與執(zhí)法中要積極應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)的挑戰(zhàn),需要通過(guò)不斷完善反壟斷法的內(nèi)容和執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)以及通過(guò)推進(jìn)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革來(lái)重新界定政府在反壟斷立法與執(zhí)法中的角色與作用。
[Abstract]:Since 1980s, China's market economy has developed rapidly and the market competition mechanism has been gradually established and perfected. With the increasing competition of the market, the domestic market has gradually appeared economic monopoly. With the economic globalization and the deepening of the opening to the outside world, a large number of cross country and foreign enterprises have entered China with their competition. In the condition of network economy, the formation mechanism of monopoly and the change of performance lead to the emergence of new monopoly. In the transition economy, the problem of Chinese administrative monopoly is more and more serious to the market competition mechanism. In the face of the new economic situation, in order to protect the market competition mechanism, the government needs to be in the opposite direction. There are two main ways of monopolization. Regulation and antitrust legislation are the main ways of government antitrust. However, due to information asymmetry and control capture, the government's control of monopolies will not only make up for "market failure", but will also lead to "government failure". More and more in the case of low government regulation. On the one hand, the countries, especially the market economy countries, gradually relax the government regulation and actively peel off the competition links in the natural monopoly industries; on the other hand, seek to regulate the monopoly through antitrust legislation. The antitrust law has gradually become the main means of regulation of monopolies by governments in the United States in.1890. The Sherman law is the first antitrust law of modern significance in the world, which provides a good reference value for other countries' antitrust legislation. While China's antitrust law has just been promulgated, the government lacks the experience of antitrust law enforcement. Therefore, it studies the role of the government in antitrust from the perspective of the anti-monopoly legislation of China and the United States. It has great theoretical and practical significance to Chinese government's anti-monopoly.
From the angle of antitrust legislation, by comparing the social and economic background before the promulgation of Sherman law and China's antitrust law, the differences in the process and nature of the monopoly and the game of the interest groups, the role and goal orientation of the Chinese government in antitrust are discussed. In the social and economic background of the anti-monopoly legislation, China and the United States two China has similar economic development situation and industrial structure, but compared with the United States, China has a high degree of dependence on foreign trade, which indicates that China's economy is more internationalized and China's anti-monopoly legislature is more influenced by the international macro-economy; the main body of China's market economy is pluralistic, including state-owned enterprises, transnational corporations and private enterprises. There are enterprises and so on; the Chinese government plays a more important role in the process of the formation of the market economy system. The reform of the market economic system is carried out under the leadership of the government. In addition, China's anti-monopoly legislation also faces the dual challenges of economic globalization and network economy. In the form and nature of monopoly, China's administrative nature is compared with the United States. Monopoly has more serious damage to market competition mechanism than economic monopoly. It should be the key object of regulation of antitrust law; China's economic monopoly has been formed, monopoly forms are characterized by traditional monopoly, transnational monopoly and new monopoly under the condition of network economy interweave each other. Compared with China, China's economic interests groups in the process of anti-monopoly legislation in the process of strength contrast, disadvantaged groups of interest expression channels are not smooth, consumers and the ordinary people are less effective; the Chinese government plays the dual role of "referee" and "athlete" in antitrust legislation. In the new social and economic environment, the Chinese government should actively deal with the challenges of economic globalization and network economy in the anti-monopoly legislation and law enforcement, and need to pass through the content and law enforcement machine that perfected the anti-monopoly law. It also redefines the role and role of the government in anti monopoly legislation and law enforcement by promoting the reform of the political and economic system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D971.2;D922.294

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