本文選題：埃利希 + 習(xí)慣法　； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：埃利希的習(xí)慣法思想形成于19世紀末20世紀初。此時的西方社會進入了壟斷資本主義階段。社會問題層出不窮,社會矛盾日益嚴重。在這種社會背景下,西方人的價值觀念開始發(fā)生變化,并在法律界掀起了一場法律社會化運動。學(xué)者們試圖站在社會的視角研究法律。埃利希的習(xí)慣法思想就是在這樣的社會背景下產(chǎn)生的。埃利希的習(xí)慣法思想建立于歷史法學(xué)派習(xí)慣法思想的基礎(chǔ)之上,并受到了當時流行的社會學(xué)理論和研究方法的影響。 埃利希習(xí)慣法思想的內(nèi)容由理論起點和表現(xiàn)形式兩個部分組成�！傲�(xí)慣”和“法”被視為埃利希習(xí)慣法思想的理論起點。埃利希認為習(xí)慣是法的事實的重要組成部分,是社會團體秩序不可或缺的基礎(chǔ)。習(xí)慣是習(xí)慣法的萌芽,構(gòu)成了習(xí)慣法的前身。埃利希著重從功能意義上看待法,并將法視作一種社會秩序。埃利希將習(xí)慣法的表現(xiàn)形式分為行為規(guī)則和裁判規(guī)范兩種。首先,習(xí)慣法以行為規(guī)則的形式表現(xiàn)出來。在埃利希看來,英國普通法是習(xí)慣法的典范,體現(xiàn)了英國人的行為規(guī)則。其次,習(xí)慣法以裁判規(guī)范的形式表現(xiàn)出來。行為規(guī)則是習(xí)慣法的肯定性表現(xiàn)形式,裁判規(guī)范則是習(xí)慣法的否定性表現(xiàn)形式。埃利希習(xí)慣法思想的特點可以概括為三個方面。第一,在論述習(xí)慣法思想的過程中,埃利希主要采用了歷史主義回溯的視角。這一特點,通過對羅馬市民法性質(zhì)的界定得到了充分的體現(xiàn)。第二,埃利希對薩維尼的習(xí)慣法思想進行了強有力的批判。第三,埃利希的習(xí)慣法思想強調(diào)法官的作用。 埃利希將法分為國法、活法、法學(xué)家法三類。要想準確把握其習(xí)慣法思想的內(nèi)涵,還需厘清這三種法與習(xí)慣法的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系。習(xí)慣法與國法之間是一種滲透與制約的關(guān)系。兩者的區(qū)別主要體現(xiàn)在形成條件、內(nèi)容和作用領(lǐng)域這三個方面。習(xí)慣法與活法之間是一種繼承與發(fā)展的關(guān)系。習(xí)慣法思想是埃利希法律研究的初級成果,活法思想是其法律思想的終極成果。兩者的區(qū)別主要體現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容和意義方面。習(xí)慣法與法學(xué)家法都植根于社會。法學(xué)家法是在對習(xí)慣法進行認識和提煉的基礎(chǔ)上形成的。兩者的區(qū)別主要體現(xiàn)在形成時間、內(nèi)容、作用和性質(zhì)這幾個方面。 埃利希習(xí)慣法思想的啟示分為研究方法、理論評價、實踐意義這三個部分。埃利希延用了法人類學(xué)的研究方法,并創(chuàng)用了實證主義社會學(xué)的研究方法。埃利希的習(xí)慣法具有最徹底的反國法性質(zhì)。但他的“習(xí)慣法”過于寬泛,使得習(xí)慣法與其他社會規(guī)范之間的界限比較模糊。不可忽視的是,埃利希的習(xí)慣法思想還帶有濃厚的心理學(xué)意味和社會進化論色彩,這就使其在價值觀方面淡化了傳統(tǒng)倫理道德。埃利希強調(diào)運用法官的作用,充分發(fā)揮法官的自由裁量權(quán)。但落實到實踐中,這樣的主張反而會造成放任法官自由裁量權(quán)的后果。除此之外,埃利希的習(xí)慣法思想對我國當下正在開展的民間法研究也有著重大的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Ehrlich's thought of customary law was formed in the late nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century. At this time, western society entered the stage of monopoly capitalism. Social problems emerged in an endless stream, and social contradictions became increasingly serious. In this social background, the values of the Westerners began to change, and a legal socialization movement was set off in the legal field. Scholars tried to make a social movement. The study of law from the perspective of society. Ehrlich's thought of habitual law was produced in such a social background. Ehrlich's thought of habitual law was based on the thought of the customary law of the school of history, and influenced by the prevailing sociological theories and methods of research.
The content of Ehrlich's thought of customary law consists of two parts of the theoretical starting point and the form of expression. "Habit" and "law" are regarded as the theoretical starting point of Ehrlich's thought of customary law. Ehrlich believes that habit is an important part of the fact of law and an indispensable foundation of the order of social group. Habit is the bud of customary law and forms the habit. The predecessor of law. Ehrlich focuses on the functional sense of law and regards law as a social order. Ehrlich divides the forms of customary law into two kinds of rules of behavior and norms. First, the customary law is expressed in the form of behavior rules. In Ehrlich's view, British universal law is a model of customary law and embodies the British behavior. Secondly, the customary law is shown in the form of the norms of the referee. The rules of behavior are the affirmative expression of the customary law and the standard of judgment is the negative expression of the customary law. The characteristics of the thought of Ehrlich's customary law can be summed up in three aspects. First, in the process of discussing the thought of customary law, Ehrlich mainly adopted the history. The perspective of backtracking. This characteristic is fully reflected through the definition of the nature of the civil law in Rome. Second, Ehrlich has made a strong criticism of Savigny's thought of customary law. Third, Ehrlich's customary law emphasizes the role of the judge.
Ehrlich divides the law into three categories: state law, living law and law family law. To accurately grasp the connotation of his customary law thought, it is necessary to clarify the inner logical relationship between the three laws and the customary law. The relationship between the customary law and the state law is a kind of infiltration and restriction. The difference between the two is mainly reflected in the three aspects of the form condition, the content and the field of action. The relationship between the habit law and the living law is a relationship between inheritance and development. The thought of habitual law is the primary achievement of the study of Ehrlich's law. The thought of living law is the ultimate achievement of his legal thought. The difference between the two is mainly embodied in the content and meaning. The law of law and the law of the jurist are rooted in the society. The difference between them is mainly reflected in the forming time, content, function and nature.
The inspiration of Ehrlich's thought of customary law is divided into three parts: research method, theoretical evaluation and practical significance. Ehrlich used the research method of legal anthropology and established the research method of positivist sociology. Ehrlich's customary law has the most thorough anti state law nature. But his "habit law" is too broad to make customary law and The boundary between other social norms is blurred. What can not be ignored is that Ehrlich's thought of customary law also has strong psychological and social evolutionism, which makes it desalination of traditional ethics in values. Ehrlich emphasizes the use of judges to give full play to the discretion of the judges. But it is implemented to the reality. In addition, Ehrlich's thought of customary law is of great significance to the study of civil law that is being carried out at the moment in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D909.1

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