本文選題：環(huán)境習(xí)慣法 + 環(huán)境制定法　； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：對(duì)環(huán)境習(xí)慣法內(nèi)涵的把握需要從內(nèi)容要素和形式要素兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行，并在此基礎(chǔ)上找尋其所具有的獨(dú)特內(nèi)涵和外延拓展；在歷時(shí)性的角度觀察，環(huán)境習(xí)慣法經(jīng)由“權(quán)威”時(shí)代到現(xiàn)代式微的演變并非是歷史性消亡的表征，而是源自于環(huán)境制定法的主觀抑制，因此環(huán)境習(xí)慣法仍然是一種真實(shí)而有力的存在；環(huán)境習(xí)慣法的表達(dá)方式主要有文獻(xiàn)記述、村規(guī)民約和口耳相傳等；環(huán)境習(xí)慣法體現(xiàn)為各種內(nèi)容豐富的知識(shí)體系，如關(guān)于環(huán)境保護(hù)的習(xí)慣法原則、環(huán)境管理的習(xí)慣法制度和方法、環(huán)境保護(hù)中社區(qū)參與的習(xí)慣法規(guī)則等環(huán)境法智慧。 現(xiàn)代環(huán)境制定法面臨著諸多困境，如法律一元構(gòu)想與現(xiàn)實(shí)多元之間的矛盾、外生性規(guī)則與本土性供給之間的斷裂、公力強(qiáng)勢(shì)推進(jìn)與民間微弱運(yùn)行之間的失衡等。環(huán)境習(xí)慣法現(xiàn)代價(jià)值的開辟，諸如本土法文化汲取和重建、信仰重塑、技術(shù)理性祛魅和路徑拓展等優(yōu)越性恰好為破解環(huán)境制定法的上述困境提供了可能的思路和空間。首先，環(huán)境習(xí)慣法的現(xiàn)代價(jià)值須在現(xiàn)代環(huán)境法“場(chǎng)域”中實(shí)現(xiàn)，且在動(dòng)態(tài)演化的基本邏輯前提下，立足于補(bǔ)足環(huán)境制定法，進(jìn)而構(gòu)建符合現(xiàn)代性特征的環(huán)境法的目標(biāo)；其次，通過(guò)類型化方法，，并確立實(shí)質(zhì)合法性和形式合法性兩條檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)環(huán)境習(xí)慣法的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行選擇是實(shí)現(xiàn)其現(xiàn)代價(jià)值的重要步驟；最后，環(huán)境習(xí)慣法的現(xiàn)代價(jià)值主要通過(guò)環(huán)境制定法主導(dǎo)的“自上而下”路徑和環(huán)境習(xí)慣法參與的“自下而上”路徑來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。 與現(xiàn)代環(huán)境法治的具體實(shí)踐相結(jié)合，環(huán)境習(xí)慣法現(xiàn)代價(jià)值的實(shí)現(xiàn)分別體現(xiàn)在如下三個(gè)方面。第一是環(huán)境習(xí)慣法作為間接法源對(duì)現(xiàn)代環(huán)境立法的貢獻(xiàn)。從環(huán)境習(xí)慣法進(jìn)入現(xiàn)代環(huán)境立法的必要性、制約性因素以及可能進(jìn)路等方面進(jìn)行考察，環(huán)境習(xí)慣法在現(xiàn)代環(huán)境立法中具有重要的間接法源意義。第二是環(huán)境習(xí)慣法對(duì)現(xiàn)代環(huán)境管理的規(guī)則價(jià)值�；诃h(huán)境的不穩(wěn)定性和不可預(yù)期性，環(huán)境習(xí)慣法是適應(yīng)性環(huán)境管理的合理且獨(dú)立的規(guī)則系統(tǒng)。第三是環(huán)境習(xí)慣法對(duì)環(huán)境糾紛解決的貢獻(xiàn)。由于環(huán)境習(xí)慣法與環(huán)境糾紛解決的內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián)，環(huán)境習(xí)慣法在環(huán)境糾紛司法解決機(jī)制和環(huán)境糾紛ADR方案中均具有重要的貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:It is necessary to grasp the connotation of environmental customary law from two aspects: the content element and the form factor, and on this basis, we should find its unique connotation and extension, and observe it from a diachronic angle. The evolution of environmental customary law from "authoritative" times to modern times is not a sign of historical extinction, but is derived from the subjective inhibition of environmental law. Therefore, environmental customary law is still a real and powerful existence. The expression of environmental customary law mainly includes documents, village rules and word of mouth, etc. Environmental customary law is embodied in a variety of knowledge systems, such as the principles of customary law on environmental protection, the customary law system and methods of environmental management, etc. Environmental law wisdom such as customary law rules of community participation in environmental protection. The modern environmental law is faced with many difficulties, such as the contradiction between the unitary conception of law and the pluralistic reality, the breakage between the exogenous rules and the local supply, the imbalance between the strong promotion of public power and the weak operation of civil society, and so on. The exploitation of modern values of environmental customary law, such as the absorption and reconstruction of native law culture, the remolding of belief, the disenchantment of technical rationality and the expansion of path, provide a possible way of thinking and space for solving the above predicament of environmental law. Firstly, the modern value of environmental customary law must be realized in the "field" of modern environmental law, and on the premise of the basic logic of dynamic evolution, it should be based on the complement of environmental law, and then construct the goal of environmental law which conforms to the characteristics of modernity. It is an important step to realize its modern value to choose the content of the environmental customary law through the typology method and to establish two test standards of substantive legality and formal legality. The modern value of environmental customary law is mainly realized by the "top-down" path led by environmental law and the "bottom-up" path in which environmental customary law participates. Combined with the concrete practice of modern environmental rule of law, the realization of the modern value of environmental customary law is embodied in the following three aspects. The first is the contribution of environmental customary law to modern environmental legislation as an indirect source of law. From the point of view of the necessity of environmental customary law to modern environmental legislation, the restrictive factors and the possible route, the environmental customary law has important indirect legal significance in modern environmental legislation. The second is the value of environmental customary law to modern environmental management. Due to the instability and unpredictability of environment, environmental customary law is a reasonable and independent rule system for adaptive environmental management. The third is the contribution of environmental customary law to the settlement of environmental disputes. Due to the inherent relationship between environmental customary law and environmental dispute resolution, environmental customary law plays an important role in the judicial settlement mechanism of environmental dispute and the ADR scheme of environmental dispute.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D920.4

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