本文選題：欽定大清商律 + 歷史背景　； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：1901年,清政府發(fā)布上諭,正式提出變法主張,三年后頒布了《欽定大清商律》。該律引入了眾多當(dāng)時國際上先進(jìn)的商法條例,在內(nèi)容上符合了中國當(dāng)時經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需求。但由于清政府制定法律時沒有充分的考慮到外國法律在中國的本土化問題,導(dǎo)致了該商法典并沒有起到其應(yīng)有的作用。但是它作為中國歷史上第一部獨立的商事立法仍然有著重要的意義,值得我們?nèi)パ芯�。本文�?zhǔn)備從五個方面對其進(jìn)行研究。 第一部分主要說明清政府是在何種情況下制定的《欽定大清商律》,即制定《欽定大清商律》的歷史背景。首先從經(jīng)濟(jì)方面進(jìn)行分析,資本主義生產(chǎn)關(guān)系在中國的萌芽和發(fā)展是商律產(chǎn)生的根本原因,同時近現(xiàn)代工商業(yè)的出現(xiàn)和發(fā)展也使得清政府積極推動工商業(yè)發(fā)展,西方城市生活的傳播也刺激了人們對發(fā)展工商業(yè)的渴望,這無形中就要求清政府制定一部商法典去大力發(fā)展商業(yè)。其次從晚清社會思想意識方面進(jìn)行分析。西學(xué)東漸與民族主義的覺醒,中體西用的歷史抉擇都要求著社會制定一部商法典。最后從政治領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行分析,對當(dāng)時國際局勢、中國整體局勢進(jìn)行分析。第二部分主要說明《欽定大清商律》的法律內(nèi)容�！稓J定大清商律》由《商人通例》和《公司律》構(gòu)成�！渡倘送ɡ纷鳛樵摲ǖ涞目倓t,共9條,基本抄于日本和德國當(dāng)時的有效商法典�！豆韭伞纷鳛椤稓J定大清商律》的核心內(nèi)容,共131條,分為十一節(jié)。規(guī)定了有限責(zé)任制度,公司治理機(jī)制,公司產(chǎn)權(quán)制度,政企分立等核心內(nèi)容。第三部分主要說明《欽定大清商律》立法特點。首先分析《欽定大清商律》的體例,做為中國第一部獨立的商事法典,《欽定大清商律》采用何種體例也是爭議頗多。當(dāng)時西方的法典體例模式有三種即主觀主義、客觀主義、折衷主義。最終清政府采取了折衷主義的立法體例。其次闡明《欽定大清商律》對本土資源的利用。在商人民事行為能力,已婚婦女從商限制,商業(yè)注冊等方面采用了國內(nèi)的本土資源,有著本國的特色。最后闡明《欽定大清商律》對西方商法的借鑒。商法典以日本、德國、英國等多個西方國家法律為藍(lán)本,在公司種類,公司注冊效力等方面都借鑒了西方先進(jìn)的法律制度。第四部分主要說明《欽定大清商律》的歷史評價。首先闡述商律的實施效果及其原因。其次分析商律的歷史意義。最后說明它的局限性。由于清政府仍然保留著君主專制的絕對權(quán)威,凌駕于法律之上；社會缺乏商事運作的法律保障；清政府所代表的階層；立法者水平不一；缺乏對當(dāng)時社會基本情況的考慮,立法沒有著眼于當(dāng)時中國社會的國情等等情況,使得《欽定大清商律》有著很大的局限性,也是造成其執(zhí)行困難的根源所在。最后研究分析《欽定大清商律》給我國目前的商事法律建設(shè)帶來的啟示。 本文將綜合采用歷史研究和法學(xué)研究相結(jié)合的方法,具體運用理論研究和法條分析、靜態(tài)分析和動態(tài)考察相結(jié)合的手法、在詳細(xì)闡述晚清《欽定大清商律》形成背景、制定過程及其基本內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上,系統(tǒng)分析它的特點和意義。希望可以全面的了解《欽定大清商律》,以期為我國現(xiàn)代商事法制建設(shè)提供一些借鑒和經(jīng)驗。
[Abstract]:In 1901, the Qing government issued an order to formally put forward the proposition of the law of change. After three years, the Qing Dynasty promulgated the law of the Qing Dynasty. It introduced many advanced international commercial law regulations at that time, which accorded with the needs of the economic development of China at that time. But the law of the Qing government did not fully consider the localization of foreign law in China. As a result, the commercial code does not play its due role. However, it is still of great significance as the first independent commercial legislation in Chinese history. It is worth studying. This article is prepared to study it from five aspects.
The first part mainly explains the Qing Dynasty's law of Shang Dynasty made under the circumstances of the Qing government, that is, to formulate the historical background of "the law of the Qing Dynasty". First, the economic analysis is made. The root cause of the emergence and development of the capitalist production relationship in China is the root cause of the business law. The government actively promotes the development of industry and commerce. The spread of western urban life also stimulates people's desire to develop industry and commerce. In the invisible, it requires the Qing government to make a commercial code to develop business. Secondly, it analyzes the ideological consciousness of the late Qing Dynasty. The second part mainly explains the legal content of the law of the Qing Dynasty and the law of the Qing Dynasty. The law of the Qing Dynasty is composed of the general rules of the merchant and the law of the company. As the general rule of the code, there are 9 articles, which are basically copied. At the time of the effective commercial code of Japan and Germany, the law of the company, as the core content of the law of the Qing Dynasty, was divided into 131 sections and divided into eleven sections. The core contents of the limited liability system, the corporate governance mechanism, the company property rights system, the separation of government and enterprise and so on. The third part mainly explained the legislative characteristics of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty. The style of quotient law is the first independent commercial code of China, which is also a lot of dispute. At that time, there were three kinds of Western codes of law, namely subjectivism, objectivism and eclecticism. Finally, the Qing government adopted eclectic legislative style. Secondly, it clarified the law of the Qing Dynasty, the law of the Qing Dynasty and the local capital. The use of the source. In the civil capacity of the merchant, the married woman's restrictions on business, the commercial registration and other aspects of the domestic resources, it has its own characteristics. Finally, it clarifies the reference to the law of the Qing Dynasty and the Western business law. The commercial code is based on many western countries, such as Japan, Germany, and the UK. The fourth part mainly describes the western advanced legal system. The historical evaluation of the commercial law of the Qing Dynasty is mainly explained. First, it expounds the effect and the reasons of the implementation of the commercial law. Secondly, it analyzes the historical significance of the commercial law. Finally, it explains its limitations. Because the Qing government still holds the absolute authority of the monarchy autocracy, overriding the law. The social lack of legal guarantee of commercial operation; the stratum of the Qing government, the level of the legislator, the lack of consideration of the basic situation of the society at that time, the lack of legislation focusing on the situation of the Chinese society at that time and so on, and the great limitations of the law of the Qing Dynasty, which is also the root cause of its difficulties. Finally, it analyzes the Enlightenment of the Qing Dynasty commercial law construction.
This article will comprehensively adopt the method of combining historical research and legal research, concretely use the method of theoretical research and law analysis, static analysis and dynamic investigation, and elaborate on the characteristics and significance of its characteristics and significance on the basis of the detailed exposition of the formation background, the process and the basic content of the late Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty. In order to provide some reference and experience for the construction of modern commercial legal system in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D929

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