本文選題：習(xí)慣 + 習(xí)慣法�。� 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)是一個(gè)具有悠久歷史的文明古國(guó),而且是一個(gè)幅員遼闊的多民族國(guó)家,各地區(qū)都有很多特殊的民俗習(xí)慣,少數(shù)民族的習(xí)慣則更加復(fù)雜。研究習(xí)慣及習(xí)慣法,正確地理解和認(rèn)識(shí)習(xí)慣及習(xí)慣法,有利于更好地發(fā)揮習(xí)慣法在司法實(shí)踐中的作用,有利于正確處理好習(xí)慣法與制定法的關(guān)系,有利于我國(guó)社會(huì)主義法律體系的統(tǒng)一、規(guī)范、協(xié)調(diào)和完善。首先從正確理解習(xí)慣與習(xí)慣法進(jìn)行說明,并從正當(dāng)性與合法性兩個(gè)方面分析說明習(xí)慣法是獨(dú)立的法律淵源,而后從實(shí)然的角度說明不同時(shí)期習(xí)慣法在中國(guó)法中的地位及其成因,最后得出結(jié)論,即習(xí)慣法在中國(guó)法中的應(yīng)有地位及習(xí)慣與習(xí)慣法在司法中的具體適用規(guī)則。 習(xí)慣是隨著人類群體的發(fā)展,基于特定的需求,而在民間的共識(shí)下,經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)久的慣行,所逐漸形成共同遵守的準(zhǔn)則。習(xí)慣的成立,客觀上,須滿足在一定范圍內(nèi)的社會(huì)上的一般人,在相當(dāng)期間內(nèi),就同一事項(xiàng),反復(fù)為同一行為；主觀上,習(xí)慣須通過一種社會(huì)心理壓力得到社會(huì)一般人的認(rèn)同,并且依此習(xí)慣作為其行為模式,而具有事實(shí)上的規(guī)范力。習(xí)慣屬于廣義上的規(guī)則范疇,但并不能稱之為法,而習(xí)慣法由于具備了特定的“合法性”而可以稱之為法。習(xí)慣法的效力來(lái)源于滿足一定的要件,而非法院的認(rèn)定。且其成立要件與生效要件亦要作區(qū)分。 由于制定法的弊端,習(xí)慣法的作用便顯得俞發(fā)重要。現(xiàn)代法治對(duì)完善的法律淵源體系的要求、習(xí)慣法“自生性”及其與制定法的互動(dòng)關(guān)系、中國(guó)法官的處境等現(xiàn)實(shí)的功能需求都決定了習(xí)慣法應(yīng)當(dāng)成為獨(dú)立的法律淵源。同時(shí),習(xí)慣法也符合馬克思主義法學(xué)定義,可以被之為法,且滿足法律淵源的一般特征,再加之習(xí)慣法自身的“合法性”,都說明習(xí)慣法作為獨(dú)立的法律淵源的合法性。 綜觀中國(guó)歷史的各個(gè)時(shí)期,對(duì)于如何對(duì)法作定義,如何看待習(xí)慣法的性質(zhì)及其成立要件,如何看待法律淵源體系的結(jié)構(gòu)等問題的回答是不同的,以致于對(duì)習(xí)慣法的地位和作用如何的回答也是不同的。清楚了習(xí)慣法作為獨(dú)立法律淵源的正當(dāng)性及合法性,也清楚了習(xí)慣法在中國(guó)各個(gè)時(shí)期的地位和作用,在反思的基礎(chǔ)上得出簡(jiǎn)單的結(jié)論,即關(guān)于習(xí)慣法在當(dāng)今中國(guó)的應(yīng)當(dāng)成為獨(dú)立的法律淵源,且法律應(yīng)當(dāng)提供具體的司法適用規(guī)則。
[Abstract]:China is an ancient country with a long history and a vast multi-ethnic country. There are many special folklore customs in every region, and the habits of ethnic minorities are more complicated. The study of custom and customary law, the correct understanding and understanding of custom and customary law, is conducive to giving full play to the role of customary law in judicial practice and to correctly handling the relationship between customary law and statutory law. It is conducive to the unification, standardization, coordination and perfection of our socialist legal system. First of all, from the correct understanding of custom and customary law to explain, and from the legitimacy and legality of the analysis of customary law is an independent source of law, and then from the point of view of reality to explain the status of customary law in different periods in Chinese law and its causes. Finally, the author draws the conclusion that customary law has its due status in Chinese law and the specific rules of customary law and customary law in the administration of justice. With the development of human groups, habit is based on specific needs, and under the common understanding of the people, after a long period of habitual practice, gradually formed a common standard to abide by. The establishment of custom, objectively, must be satisfied with the general people in society within a certain range, and within a certain period of time, repeat the same act on the same matter; subjectively, habit must be recognized by the general public through a kind of social psychological pressure. And according to this habit as its behavior model, and has the de facto normative force. Custom belongs to the category of rules in a broad sense, but can not be called law, and customary law can be called law because of its special legality. The effect of customary law comes from satisfying certain elements, rather than court's determination. And its establishment elements and effective elements should also make a distinction. Due to the shortcomings of statutory law, the role of customary law appears to be important. The demands of the modern rule of law on the perfect legal source system, the "autobiosis" of the customary law and its interaction with the statutory law, the situation of the Chinese judges and other practical functional needs have decided that the customary law should become an independent legal source. At the same time, customary law also accords with the definition of Marxist jurisprudence, can be regarded as law, and satisfies the general characteristics of legal sources, together with the "legality" of customary law itself, which shows that customary law is legitimate as an independent source of law. The answers to such questions as how to define the law, how to treat the nature of customary law and its elements, and how to look at the structure of the legal source system are different from each period in Chinese history. Even the answer to the status and role of customary law is different. It makes clear the legitimacy and legitimacy of customary law as an independent source of law, and also the status and function of customary law in various periods in China, and draws a simple conclusion on the basis of reflection. That is, customary law should become an independent source of law in China today, and the law should provide specific rules of judicial application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D920.4

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 汪翔;彝族習(xí)慣法司法適用研究[D];廣西師范大學(xué);2012年

2 王怡;瑤族習(xí)慣法在民事司法中的適用研究[D];廣西師范大學(xué);2013年

，

本文編號(hào)：1942577