本文選題：中國 + 安樂死��； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：在世界范圍內(nèi),安樂死是一個備受爭議的話題,它是人類社會將目光從“生、優(yōu)生”投向“死、優(yōu)死”的產(chǎn)物。雖然安樂死被西方少數(shù)國家和地區(qū)予以承認(rèn),但在其理念傳入我國后,也引起了社會各界激烈的爭論,盡管如此,我國目前現(xiàn)行的法律對安樂死的態(tài)度仍然持保守的態(tài)度。筆者就安樂死在我國合法化的研究方面提出一些粗略的看法。 本文從2011年5月16日廣州市番禹區(qū)孝子助母自殺——鄧明建購買農(nóng)藥助母親李某“安樂死”的具體案例展開對安樂死相關(guān)問題的分析： 第一部分在分析安樂死不同定義的基礎(chǔ)上,闡述了安樂死理論分類及安樂死的特征：必須是身患絕癥、已無治愈可能、瀕臨死亡的病人,精神和肉體上受到極大痛苦,為減少痛苦并在不觸犯其他合法權(quán)益的前提下、自愿的讓醫(yī)師以作為或不作為非暴力方式加速其死亡的行為(限制行為能力人的安樂死不適用上述的特征)。接著筆者從法理上分別對安樂死與生命權(quán)、安樂死與自由權(quán)進(jìn)行了分析,得出了在沒有嚴(yán)重危害社會公眾利益、觸犯國家法律的前提下,公民對自己的生命權(quán)有一定的支配和處置權(quán)。 第二部分在回顧了國外安樂死立法進(jìn)程后著重介紹了在安樂死立法方面具有代表性的國家：荷蘭、美國、澳大利亞、日本。荷蘭于2001年4月10日,荷蘭上議院以46票對28票、1票棄權(quán)的結(jié)果通過了安樂死法案---《根據(jù)請求終止生命和幫助自殺(審查程序)法》,該法案的通過使得荷蘭成為世界上第一個承認(rèn)安樂死合法化的國家。1994年美國的俄勒岡州投票通過了《尊嚴(yán)死亡法》,使得該州成為世界上第一個承認(rèn)安樂死合法化的地方,但就美國的聯(lián)邦法律來說是不承認(rèn)安樂死合法化的。澳大利亞是歷史上較早在個別區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)通過了安樂死立法的國家之一。1983年澳大利亞南澳洲通過了有條件的自然死亡法案,該部法律并未涉及病人以何種方式拒絕醫(yī)療救助,而且明確表示不限于書面的方式,可以依口頭或者其他溝通的方式。日本是率先以法院判例的形式明確了關(guān)于終止生命維持的措施,但至目前為止,日本并未形成有關(guān)安樂死合法化的制定法。 文章的第三部分介紹了我國關(guān)于安樂死研究的前世今生,得知安樂死這一現(xiàn)象在我國出現(xiàn)并非突兀,也是由史可循的。安樂死運(yùn)動真正進(jìn)入普通群眾視野并引發(fā)社會廣泛關(guān)注的是1986年陜西漢中的夏素文案(中國第一例安死案)的公開開庭審理。接著筆者從四個小點(diǎn)分析了安樂死在我國立法的可行性和必要性：安樂死符合民眾心理需求、安樂死符合社會倫理及人道主義原則、從刑法犯罪本質(zhì)分析安樂死非犯罪化、安樂死與故意殺人罪相比較。其次在闡述了阻礙我國安樂死立法的一些障礙后提出了關(guān)于我國安樂死立法的構(gòu)想和建議；最后從安樂死適用的對象、原則、執(zhí)行程序、監(jiān)督及相應(yīng)承擔(dān)的法律責(zé)任為著手點(diǎn)具體詳盡的闡述了實(shí)施安樂死的要件。
[Abstract]:In the world, euthanasia is a controversial topic. It is the product of human society putting the eye from "life, eugenics" into "death and death". Although euthanasia is recognized by a few Western countries and regions, it has also aroused fierce debate in the society after its idea was introduced into China. Nevertheless, our country is currently in force. The law still holds a conservative attitude towards euthanasia. The author puts forward some rough views on the research of euthanasia in legalization in China.
This paper analyzes the related problems of euthanasia from the specific case of Deng Mingjian's purchase of "euthanasia" by Deng Mingjian, who bought a pesticide to help his mother, Li Mou, in May 16, 2011.
The first part, on the basis of the analysis of the different definitions of euthanasia, expounds the classification of euthanasia and the characteristics of euthanasia: it must be an incurable illness, no cure, a dying patient, a mental and physical suffering, to voluntarily be made by a physician in order to reduce pain and without offending other legitimate rights and interests. Or not as a non violent way to speed up its death. (the behavior of the person who restrictive ability is not applicable to the above characteristics). Then, the author analyzes the euthanasia and the right to life, the euthanasia and the right to freedom from the jurisprudence, and draws a conclusion that the citizens are to themselves without serious harm to the public interests and the state law. The right to life has a certain power of control and disposal.
In the second part, after reviewing the legislative process of euthanasia, the second part emphatically introduced the representative countries in euthanasia legislation: Holland, the United States, Australia, Japan. In April 10, 2001, the house of Lords of Holland passed the Euthanasia Act by 46 votes to 28, and 1 abstentions - to terminate life and help suicide according to the request ( The law, which makes Holland the first country in the world to recognize the legalization of euthanasia in the United States of Oregon,.1994, voted the dignity death law, making the state the first place in the world to recognize the legalization of euthanasia, but it does not recognize the legality of euthanasia in the federal law of the United States. Australia was one of the earlier countries that had passed an earlier legislation on euthanasia in a few regions of the country in.1983. Australia passed the conditional natural death bill in southern Australia. The law did not deal with the way the patient refused medical assistance, and clearly indicated that it was not limited to written form, depending on oral or oral ways. In other ways of communication, Japan took the lead in defining the measures to terminate the maintenance of life in the form of court precedents, but so far Japan has not formed a law on the legalization of euthanasia.
The third part of the article introduces the past life of the study of euthanasia in our country. It is found that the phenomenon of euthanasia is not abrupt in our country. It is also based on history. The movement of euthanasia really entered the common field of vision and aroused wide attention of the society in Hanzhoung, Shaanxi in 1986 (the first case of China's death). Then the author analyzes the feasibility and necessity of euthanasia in our country from four small points: euthanasia conforms to the psychological needs of the people, the euthanasia conforms to the social ethics and humanitarianism, analyzes the non crime of euthanasia from the essence of criminal law, and compares the euthanasia with the crime of killings. Secondly, it expounds the hindrance to our country. After some obstacles to euthanasia legislation, this paper puts forward some ideas and suggestions about the legislation of euthanasia in our country; finally, it expounds the important elements of euthanasia in detail from the object of euthanasia, the principle, the execution procedure, the supervision and the corresponding legal responsibility.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D920.4

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