本文選題：董必武 + 群眾路線　； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：董必武運(yùn)用馬克思主義基本原理,并結(jié)合中國國情,提出了系統(tǒng)完備的法制建設(shè)主張。在中華人民共和國成立之后,他對新中國的人民民主政權(quán)建設(shè)和人民民主法制建設(shè)貢獻(xiàn)卓著�！叭罕娐肪�”是毛澤東思想活的靈魂,是毛澤東將馬克思主義基本原理同中國革命實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的重大理論成果。群眾的力量是董必武轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)轳R克思主義者的核心動力,“群眾路線”是他革命生涯所遵循的途徑和方法,也是其法律思想的重要內(nèi)容。 本文除引論和結(jié)論外,分為五個部分。 引論:在“五四”運(yùn)動特別是俄國十月革命爆發(fā)后,董必武在上海找到了新的信仰,真正的救國真理——馬克思主義。群眾的力量是董必武轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)轳R克思主義者的核心動力,“群眾路線”是其革命生涯所遵循的途徑和方法。新中國成立后,他依然遵從群眾路線,“群眾路線”貫穿于董必武的人民民主政權(quán)建設(shè)思想、立法思想、人民司法思想和守法思想當(dāng)中。 第一部分:群眾的力量是董必武轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)轳R克思主義者的核心動力。對董必武接受馬克思主義并成為中國共產(chǎn)黨創(chuàng)始人之一的背景做以介紹。董必武早年受資產(chǎn)階級民主思潮的啟蒙,追隨孫中山先生進(jìn)行民主革命。“五四”運(yùn)動中,董必武在斗爭中接受馬克思主義。他從追隨孫中山先生進(jìn)行資產(chǎn)階級民主革命的民主主義者轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閳?jiān)定的共產(chǎn)主義者,并成為中國共產(chǎn)黨的創(chuàng)始人之一。這影響他一生的重大轉(zhuǎn)折,是因?yàn)槭赂锩顾浞终J(rèn)識到廣大人民群眾行動起來的力量——人民群眾才是決定歷史和革命成敗的決定力量。所以,群眾的力量是董必武轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)轳R克思主義者的核心動力。 第二部分:群眾路線在董必武人民民主政權(quán)建設(shè)思想中的體現(xiàn)。董必武在陜甘寧邊區(qū)民主政權(quán)建設(shè)中,就指出政府工作要堅(jiān)定不移的貫徹群眾路線,要使政府真正成為群眾的政府。政府的權(quán)力來源于群眾,所以應(yīng)當(dāng)密切聯(lián)系群眾,傾聽群眾的呼聲,采納群眾的意見,保護(hù)群眾的利益,權(quán)為民所用;還要接受群眾的監(jiān)督,要把政府的權(quán)威建立在群眾的信任上。新中國建立后,董必武多次指出,國家機(jī)關(guān)工作人員是“人民勤務(wù)員”,是“長工”;他們應(yīng)該向人民代表大會報(bào)告工作,接受審查和批評,要虛心接受人民群眾的批評意見。 第三部分:群眾路線在董必武立法思想中的體現(xiàn)。新中國的法律要貫徹好“從群眾中來,到群眾中去”的原則,要真切地反映人民群眾的意志和利益。人民取得政權(quán)后,應(yīng)當(dāng)及時地把人民的意志用法律表現(xiàn)出來。董必武多次強(qiáng)調(diào),法律制度對于新中國人民民主的重要性和必要性。社會主義法制是人民民主的制度化、法律化,并有效保障民主的執(zhí)行和遵守。 第四部分:群眾路線在董必武人民司法思想中的體現(xiàn)。董必武提出要重視司法工作,并指出要牢固樹立人民司法為人民的理念,人民司法是鞏固人民民主專政的銳利武器。人民司法工作要一切以人民群眾的利益為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),一切依靠群眾、一切為了群眾,接受人民群眾的監(jiān)督。群眾觀點(diǎn)是人民司法的基本觀點(diǎn)之一。 第五部分:群眾運(yùn)動與培養(yǎng)人民群眾的守法思想。新中國成立初期,群眾運(yùn)動對于解放生產(chǎn)力有著重大的意義,在當(dāng)時的歷史條件下,搞群眾運(yùn)動是完全必要的。但是,如果將群眾運(yùn)動擴(kuò)大化,就會破壞法制的權(quán)威。因此,要保障人民民主秩序,必須加強(qiáng)人民民主法制建設(shè),并培養(yǎng)群眾的守法意識。法律由人民制定,反映了人民的意志,保障人民的利益,培養(yǎng)人民群眾的守法意識就是鞏固人民民主政權(quán)。董必武要求共產(chǎn)黨員要以身作則,在遵守憲法和一切其它法律中,黨員要起模范作用。他要求國家機(jī)關(guān)工作人員守法,并領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民群眾來守法。 結(jié)論:“群眾路線”貫穿于董必武的人民民主政權(quán)建設(shè)思想、立法思想、人民司法思想和守法思想當(dāng)中,是其法律思想的重要內(nèi)容。群眾路線與“以人為本”的科學(xué)發(fā)展觀具有高度一致的精神傳承性�？茖W(xué)發(fā)展觀體現(xiàn)在法律和法治思想上,就形成了新的以人為本的法律觀。人本法律觀是新時期馬克思主義法律思想中國化的最新成果,董必武法律思想是人本法律觀的思想淵源。在深入貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的新的歷史背景下,以“群眾路線”為視角研究董必武的法律思想,對于當(dāng)前社會主義法治建設(shè)仍有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:Dong Biwu, using the basic principles of Marx doctrine, combined with the national conditions of China, put forward a systematic and complete system of legal construction. After the establishment of People's Republic of China, he made a great contribution to the construction of the people's democratic regime and the construction of the people's democratic legal system in the new China. "The mass line" is the soul of Mao Zedong's thought, and Mao Zedong will Mark. The basic principle of the basic principle of thought and the practice of Chinese revolution. The power of the masses is the core power of Dong Biwu's transformation into Marx. "The mass line" is the way and method followed by his revolutionary career, and it is also an important content of his legal thought.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into five parts.
Introduction: after the outbreak of the "54" movement, especially in the October revolution of Russia, Dong Biwu found a new belief in Shanghai, the true salvation of the nation - Marx doctrine. The power of the masses was the core power of the transformation of Dong Biwu into Marx. "The mass line" was the way and method followed by the life of his revolution. After that, he still follows the mass line, and "the mass line" runs through the ideas of Dong Biwu's people's democratic political power, the legislative thought, the people's judicial thought and the law-abiding thought.
The first part: the strength of the masses is the core power of Dong Biwu's transformation into Marx. The background of Dong Biwu's acceptance of Marx and one of the founders of the Communist Party of China is introduced. Dong Biwu was enlightened by the bourgeois democratic trend of thought in his early years, followed by Mr Sun Zhongshan for the democratic revolution. In the "54" movement, Dong Bi He accepted Marx's doctrine in the struggle. He transformed from Mr Sun Zhongshan to the bourgeois democratic revolution as a firm communist and became one of the founders of the Communist Party of China. This influenced his life's great turn, because the October revolution made him fully aware of the masses of the people. Strength - the masses are the decisive force to decide the success or failure of history and revolution. Therefore, the power of the masses is the core power of Dong Biwu's transformation to Marx.
The second part: the embodiment of the mass line in the construction of Dong Biwu's democratic political power. In the construction of the democratic regime in the Shanxi Gansu Ningxia border region, Dong Biwu pointed out that the government should unswervingly carry out the mass line and make the government truly become the government of the masses. The government's power comes from the masses, so we should closely contact the masses and listen to the group. The voice of the masses, the adoption of the opinions of the masses, the protection of the interests of the masses, the use of the rights for the people, the supervision of the masses, the establishment of the authority of the government on the trust of the masses. After the establishment of the new China, Dong Biwu has repeatedly pointed out that the staff of the state organs are "people's servants" and "long labor"; they should report to the people's Congress. For accepting and reviewing, we should be open-minded and accept the criticisms of the masses.
The third part: the embodiment of the mass line in Dong Biwu's legislative thought. The law of the new China should carry out the principle of "coming from the masses and going to the masses". It is necessary to truly reflect the will and interests of the people. After the people have achieved political power, they should show the will of the people in time. Dong Biwu emphasizes the legal system many times. The importance and necessity of the people's democracy in New China is the institutionalization and legalization of the people's democracy and effective protection of the implementation and compliance of democracy.
The fourth part: the embodiment of the mass line in the judicial thought of the people of Dong Biwu. Dong Biwu proposed to attach importance to the judicial work and point out that the people's judiciary should be firmly established and the people's judicature is a sharp weapon to consolidate the people's democratic dictatorship. The people's judicial work should be the standard of the people and the people, and all depend on the masses. The masses view is one of the basic viewpoints of people's judicature.
The fifth part: the mass movement and the law-abiding thought of the people. In the early period of the founding of new China, the mass movement was of great significance to emancipate the productive forces. Under the historical conditions of that time, it was necessary to carry out the mass movement. However, if the mass movement was expanded, the authority of the legal system would be destroyed. Therefore, the Democratic rank of the people should be guaranteed. In order, we must strengthen the construction of the people's democratic legal system and cultivate the consciousness of the law-abiding people. The law is formulated by the people, reflects the will of the people, guarantees the interests of the people, and fostering the people's awareness of the law is to consolidate the democratic political power of the people. Dong Biwu demands that the Communist Party members should take the body as the principle and the party members should abide by the Constitution and all other laws. He asked the staff of state organs to abide by the law and lead the masses to abide by the law.
Conclusion: "the mass line" runs through Dong Biwu's thought of the people's democratic political power, the legislative thought, the people's judicial thought and the law-abiding thought, which is an important content of its legal thought. The mass line is highly consistent with the "people-oriented" Scientific Outlook on Development. The Scientific Outlook on Development is embodied in the law and the rule of law. On the other hand, a new concept of people based law is formed. The concept of human based law is the latest achievement of the Sinicization of Marx's legal thought in the new period. Dong Biwu's legal thought is the ideological source of the view of human law. Under the new historical background of the implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, the legal thought of Dong Biwu is studied with the perspective of "the mass line". It is still of practical significance for the construction of socialist rule of law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D909.2

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