本文選題：抗日戰(zhàn)爭 + 大后方�。� 參考：《西南政法大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以《抗日戰(zhàn)爭大后方民國獄政改革述評》為題，1“抗戰(zhàn)期間”是為1937年抗日戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)到1945年日本宣布無條件投降止，此為時間限定；大后方是指遠離戰(zhàn)爭前線的廣大地區(qū)，又以川渝為核心，此為地域之限制�？箲�(zhàn)爆發(fā)后，國民黨政府為了適應戰(zhàn)爭需要，對其監(jiān)獄體系的運作做了調(diào)整，主要是通過制定法規(guī)，發(fā)布命令并將之付諸實踐的方式。全文主要內(nèi)容可概括為一下幾部分： 第一部分：背景，通過對抗日戰(zhàn)爭的簡要描述，介紹獄政改革是在什么樣的背景下開展。也藉此簡要說明改革之勢在必行。滿足戰(zhàn)時需要可視為此次改革之個性，而回溯歷史則可探知清末獄制改革與此改革有著共性。共性主要表現(xiàn)為救亡圖存是其背負的歷史使命，清末面對的是西方列強及日本的瓜分，而此次則是日本試圖滅亡中國；廢除領事裁判權則是清末到民國政界精英奮斗不息之目標，西方列強每每以中國之法律同西方法律的差異詬病中國，并以之為取得領事裁判權的當然理由；西學東漸過程中西方文明對我們傳統(tǒng)文化的巨大沖擊以及國人對西方文明的逐漸認同與接受，并將西方的部分制度落實，清末與戰(zhàn)時的獄政改革便是其中兩例。 第二部分：踐行，此次改革的開展是以立法為指導，大部分具體措施都是有法可循。因此，在論述之時引用了大量的戰(zhàn)時監(jiān)獄立法。主要通過三部分對改革的具體措施進行了介紹，第一部分生活衛(wèi)生方面的革新，包括了監(jiān)犯的被服配備，住宿安排和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生方方面面；第二部分監(jiān)犯工作，可分監(jiān)內(nèi)作業(yè)與外役監(jiān)，而外役監(jiān)則是以四川平武外役監(jiān)為考察對象，此外役監(jiān)將監(jiān)犯安排在相對偏遠的地區(qū)從事農(nóng)業(yè)和畜牧業(yè)，，執(zhí)行刑罰的同時教授監(jiān)犯生產(chǎn)技能讓其自食其力，更為宏遠的目標即是期望外役監(jiān)之產(chǎn)出支持前線抗日，外役監(jiān)的設立具有開創(chuàng)性，頗能體現(xiàn)戰(zhàn)時特色；第三部分監(jiān)犯調(diào)服軍役，該措施是對抗戰(zhàn)最為直接的支持，其推行既使擁堵的監(jiān)獄得以疏導，又為抗戰(zhàn)提供了兵力，也能讓部分監(jiān)犯滿足保家衛(wèi)國之宏愿，可謂一舉多得。 結論，引用兩小段文字闡述此次改革的不足之處，并簡要分析其原因：局勢動蕩；財政拮據(jù)；中國傳統(tǒng)對西方文明的排斥。其后從三方面對此次改革給予了肯定：確實地對抗戰(zhàn)作出了貢獻；豐富完善了民國監(jiān)獄立法體系；此次改革是對近代西方行刑理論的踐行，而該理論所蘊含的尊重人的普世價值觀在當下社會同樣熠熠生輝。
[Abstract]:Under the title of "Review on the Reform of Prison Administration in the Republic of China in the Great Rear area of the Anti-Japanese War", "during the War of Resistance against Japan" is the time limit for the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan in 1937 to the unconditional surrender of Japan in 1945, which refers to the vast areas far from the front lines of the war. Sichuan and Chongqing as the core, this is the limit of the region. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang government adjusted the operation of its prison system in order to meet the needs of the war, mainly by making laws, issuing orders and putting it into practice. The main contents of this paper can be summarized as follows: The first part: background, through a brief description of the War of Resistance against Japan, introduce the prison reform under what background. This also briefly illustrates the necessity of reform. To meet the wartime needs can be regarded as the individuality of this reform, but looking back on the history, we can find out that the reform of prison system in the late Qing Dynasty has a common character with this reform. The common character is that saving the nation from death is its historical mission. In the late Qing Dynasty, it was the Western powers and Japan's partition, and this time Japan was trying to destroy China. The abolition of consular jurisdiction was the goal of the political elite from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. Western powers often criticized China on the basis of the differences between Chinese law and western law, and used it as a natural reason for obtaining consular adjudication power. The great impact of western civilization on our traditional culture in the process of western learning to the east and the gradual recognition and acceptance of western civilization by Chinese people, and the implementation of some western systems, are two examples of prison reform in the late Qing Dynasty and wartime. The second part: practice, the reform is guided by legislation, most of the specific measures have laws to follow. Therefore, a large number of wartime prison legislation was cited during the discussion. Mainly through three parts to introduce the specific measures of the reform, the first part of the reform of life and hygiene, including prisoners of clothing, accommodation arrangements and medical and health aspects; the second part of the prisoners work, They can be divided into internal and external prison, while outside prison is the object of investigation. In addition, the prison arranges prisoners in relatively remote areas to engage in agriculture and animal husbandry. At the same time, the execution of punishment to teach the prisoners production skills to enable them to earn their own living, a more ambitious goal is to expect the output of the prison of foreign service to support the frontline anti-Japanese, the establishment of a prison of foreign service is groundbreaking, quite can reflect the wartime characteristics; The third part is the most direct support to the War of Resistance, which provides the troops for the War of Resistance and enables some prisoners to satisfy the great aspirations of defending their country. It can be said that it can be said to kill more than one stone. It can be said that even if the congested prison can be channeled, it can also provide the troops for the War of Resistance against Japan and enable some of the prisoners to meet the great aspirations of defending their country. In conclusion, two paragraphs are quoted to illustrate the shortcomings of the reform, and briefly analyze the reasons for the reform: instability, financial constraints, and Chinese tradition's rejection of Western civilization. After that, the reform was affirmed from three aspects: it did contribute to the War of Resistance against Japan, enriched and perfected the prison legislation system of the Republic of China, and this reform is the practice of the modern western theory of execution. The universal values of respect for human beings contained in this theory also shine brilliantly in the present society.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D929;D926.7

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