本文選題：古代刑罰制度 + 流放制度�。� 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國古代的刑罰,是古代法律制度的重要組成部分,它的發(fā)展與變化,實(shí)質(zhì)上也是整個(gè)中國社會(huì)發(fā)展與進(jìn)步的濃縮。刑罰體系的發(fā)展與變化的原因是多層次的,不同的時(shí)代有不同的特點(diǎn),同時(shí)代不同的當(dāng)權(quán)者亦有不同的舉措。但是總的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是以原始的野蠻、落后、殘暴向著文明、慎刑方向發(fā)展。 流放制度是一種將罪犯放逐到偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的刑罰,在我國古代不但有著悠久的歷史,也在我國古代法律中有著重要的地位。在鄉(xiāng)土觀念濃重的中國古代,流放無論是在精神上還是物質(zhì)上都對(duì)被流放的罪犯有很大的傷害性,而流放也成為懲罰力度僅次于死刑的刑罰。流放制度最早的記載在《尚書》中。然而流放制度的產(chǎn)生雖早,卻并沒有從一開始就大量出現(xiàn)在司法實(shí)踐中,而從零星的作為律外之刑來應(yīng)用逐漸發(fā)展到成為正規(guī)的刑罰種類。直到隋開皇律,流放制度才正式被列入國家法律體系,以徒流刑為中心的笞、杖、徒、流、死五刑制度正式確立,而且從唐朝開始一直沿用到清朝滅亡。流刑作為五刑之一被列入法條,才開始大量被應(yīng)用在司法實(shí)踐中。在流放制度沒有被正式規(guī)定在法條之內(nèi)以前,流放制度的應(yīng)用隨機(jī)性較大,其內(nèi)容和執(zhí)行方式總是根據(jù)執(zhí)政者和司法者的個(gè)人意思而變化,所以流放制度在出現(xiàn)的前期呈現(xiàn)出多種多樣的執(zhí)行形式。流放制度于北魏入律,并由《唐律疏議》固定下來,自此之后封建社會(huì)所應(yīng)用的流刑均以此為藍(lán)本,即使后來又出現(xiàn)各式流刑的附加刑或替代刑等,流放制度的基本形式從未改變。 本文從流放制度的變遷及其原因?yàn)檠芯拷嵌?通過對(duì)這一刑罰制度的研究,在細(xì)微變化之處找出異同點(diǎn),然后與當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)相照應(yīng),找出社會(huì)的變化對(duì)于法律的影響。通過歷史的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和成果,以期促進(jìn)當(dāng)代法律的制定及發(fā)展。法律是社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系、政治關(guān)系的反應(yīng)和產(chǎn)物。在中國這個(gè)歷史悠久的國家,很多傳統(tǒng)思想觀念或文化并不會(huì)因社會(huì)制度不同或生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展而絕跡。一部法律的良善并不單單取決于它的邏輯完整或用詞精準(zhǔn),更應(yīng)應(yīng)符合基本人性和普通大眾的是非觀。在這樣的社會(huì)環(huán)境下,前代的法律及其思想對(duì)于現(xiàn)代法律的制訂、應(yīng)用有著不可忽視的借鑒作用。現(xiàn)代中國的立法,不能完全摒棄前代法律,無視國情而空談法律,而應(yīng)該在滿足現(xiàn)代法律基本追求的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合中國的基本國情和自身特點(diǎn)來建立既包含正義又被大眾所接受的法律制度。
[Abstract]:The penalty in ancient China is an important part of the ancient legal system, its development and change, in essence, is also the concentration of the development and progress of the whole Chinese society. The reasons for the development and change of penalty system are multi-level, different times have different characteristics, and different authorities have different measures. But the general trend of development is primitive barbarism, backwardness, brutality towards civilization and cautious punishment. Exile system is a penalty to banish criminals to remote areas. It not only has a long history in ancient China, but also plays an important role in the ancient law of our country. In ancient China, where the local concept was very strong, exile had great harm to the convict both spiritually and materially, and exile was second only to the death penalty. The earliest record of exile is in Shang Shu. However, although the exiled system came into being early, it did not appear in a large number of judicial practice from the beginning, but gradually developed from sporadic application as the extra-legal punishment to the formal punishment category. It was not until Sui Kaihuang's law that the exile system was formally included in the national legal system. The system of caning, staff, apprenticeship, liu and death was formally established, and it was used from the Tang Dynasty until the death of the Qing Dynasty. As one of the five punishments, floating penalty was included in the law, and began to be widely used in judicial practice. Before the exile system was formally stipulated in the law, the application of the exile system was more random, and its content and execution always varied according to the personal wishes of the rulers and the judiciary. Therefore, exile system in the early stage of the emergence of a variety of forms of implementation. The exile system was established in the Northern Wei Dynasty and was established by the Tang Law. Since then, the floating penalty used in the feudal society has been based on it, even though there were various supplementary punishments or alternative punishment for the floating punishment later, and so on. The basic form of exile has never changed. From the point of view of the change of exile system and its causes, this paper, through the study of the penalty system, finds out the similarities and differences between the minor changes and the reference of the society at that time, and finds out the influence of the changes of the society on the law. Through the historical experience and achievements, to promote the formulation and development of contemporary law. Law is the reaction and product of social and economic relations and political relations. In China, a country with a long history, many traditional ideas or cultures do not die out because of different social systems or the development of productive forces. The goodness of a law depends not only on its logical integrity or precision, but also on its basic humanity and the general public's view of right and wrong. In such a social environment, the previous laws and their thoughts can not be ignored in the application of modern laws. The legislation of modern China should not completely abandon the previous generation of laws and ignore the national conditions, but should be based on the basic pursuit of modern law. Combining with China's basic national conditions and its own characteristics to establish a legal system that includes justice and is accepted by the public.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D929;D924

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本文編號(hào)：1778785