本文選題：法律觀念 + 滯后性�。� 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代法律觀念是法治社會(huì)中每一個(gè)人應(yīng)具有的理性品質(zhì),它構(gòu)成了法治國(guó)家的精神底蘊(yùn)。它既是法律規(guī)范化的思想動(dòng)力,又是制度建設(shè)的精神支柱。它不僅影響著法律規(guī)范的質(zhì)量,而且制約著法律規(guī)范轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)的效果,最終決定著法律制度建設(shè)的成敗�，F(xiàn)代法律觀念作為法治國(guó)家的內(nèi)在靈魂和精神支撐,不僅是一國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)法治的重要條件,也是一國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)法治的重要標(biāo)志。 當(dāng)前,我國(guó)正處在社會(huì)的轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期,社會(huì)的轉(zhuǎn)型是特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)性變遷。它暗示著不僅僅是經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變遷,社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的其他方面也會(huì)同時(shí)發(fā)生著轉(zhuǎn)變。而其中法律制度層面的變化是不可避免的,但從我國(guó)法治國(guó)家建設(shè)的進(jìn)程來(lái)看,現(xiàn)代法律觀念作為現(xiàn)代法律制度的靈魂,在我國(guó)還沒(méi)有發(fā)育成熟。因此,當(dāng)前我國(guó)現(xiàn)代法律觀念的培養(yǎng)已凸顯重要與迫切。 在中國(guó)實(shí)行法治,樹立現(xiàn)代法律觀念,存在兩方面的問(wèn)題。一方面,在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)法律觀念中,無(wú)論是儒家還是法家,都視法律為治民之器。法律只是統(tǒng)治階級(jí)用來(lái)維護(hù)特權(quán)利益和管理百姓的工具,具有濃厚的法治實(shí)用主義色彩。這在傳統(tǒng)法律觀念中,缺乏一種必要的理性精神和崇高的價(jià)值追求。它難以成功地將社會(huì)秩序?qū)蚍ㄖ?并給予法治以持久支撐的文化模式。勢(shì)必妨礙人們真正樹立起現(xiàn)代法治的法律觀念。另一方面,中國(guó)缺乏現(xiàn)代法律觀念成長(zhǎng)的法律文化土壤。文化是人們?cè)陂L(zhǎng)期的生活實(shí)踐過(guò)程中無(wú)意識(shí)產(chǎn)生的,是在自發(fā)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)中點(diǎn)滴積累起來(lái)的。建立法治所需要的文化土壤,并不完全服從于人之心智的設(shè)計(jì)和建構(gòu)。如一位法學(xué)家曾指出的那樣,“社會(huì)生活中,并不是人在控制文化,而是文化在控制人。正是因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)文化的深度和廣度過(guò)于無(wú)知,才有了我們妄斷是人在指導(dǎo)并控制文化的可能�！�1法律文化作為一種文化形式,是歷經(jīng)數(shù)代人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累,是一種歷史的產(chǎn)物。在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中居于主導(dǎo)地位的是儒家文化,而儒家文化的精神是與現(xiàn)代法治理念相違背的。所以中國(guó)難以產(chǎn)生法治文化,在人們頭腦中占主導(dǎo)地位的是人治觀念。 雖然我國(guó)法律觀念的轉(zhuǎn)型面臨著先天的不足,但由于觀念具有外生性、接受性、反射性的特點(diǎn),這使得法律觀念具有通過(guò)培育使其完善的可能。加之市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的日益成熟,民主政治的不斷進(jìn)步,思想文化的對(duì)外開放,這些又為我國(guó)現(xiàn)代法律觀念的培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造了條件。 本文主要通過(guò)對(duì)現(xiàn)代法律觀念的分析,找出我國(guó)法律觀念的滯后性,最后提出行之有效的辦法以期培養(yǎng)人們與現(xiàn)代法治國(guó)家建設(shè)相適應(yīng)的法律觀念。文章共分三個(gè)部分： 一、法治國(guó)家中的現(xiàn)代法律觀念。本部分首先對(duì)現(xiàn)代法律觀念的形成原因進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的分析,然后重點(diǎn)解讀了現(xiàn)代法律觀念的應(yīng)有內(nèi)容：法律至上、個(gè)人主義、形式理性。 二、當(dāng)代中國(guó)法律觀念的滯后性。本部分是在上部分的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)我國(guó)法律觀念的滯后性進(jìn)行了相對(duì)應(yīng)的分析,全面地總結(jié)了現(xiàn)時(shí)期我國(guó)法律觀念滯后的具體表現(xiàn)：國(guó)家主義、個(gè)案正義、工具主義。 三、現(xiàn)代法律觀念的培養(yǎng)。這一部分是筆者最想盡力做好的一部分,當(dāng)然也是整個(gè)文章的重點(diǎn)。首先,為有效地完成現(xiàn)代法律觀念轉(zhuǎn)變,明確了具體的培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)：1、培養(yǎng)官員以人為本的法律觀念。其主要對(duì)象是立法者、執(zhí)法者和司法者。2、培養(yǎng)全社會(huì)的法律信仰。3、培養(yǎng)普通民眾的權(quán)利意識(shí)。然后,用了大量的筆墨努力探究切實(shí)可行的培養(yǎng)方法——普法教育。
[Abstract]:The modern legal idea is rational quality in the society ruled by law, every person should have, it constitutes a country under the rule of law spirit. It is not only the ideological power of legal standardization, but also the spiritual support system construction. It not only affects the quality of legal norms, but also restricts the legal norms into practical effect, the final decision the success or failure of legal system. The modern legal concepts as the law of the country to support the inner soul and spirit, is not only an important condition to realize rule of law in a country, the rule of law is to achieve an important symbol of a country.
At present, our country is in a period of social transformation, social transformation is a special structural change. It implies not only the change of economic structure, social structure and other aspects of the transition will occur simultaneously. The changes of the level of legal system is inevitable, but from the construction of the rule of law and the process of our country, the soul of modern legal concepts of the modern legal system in China is still not mature. Therefore, the current culture of the modern legal idea has highlighted the important and urgent.
The rule of law in the China, establish a modern legal idea, there are two problems. On the one hand, in the China traditional legal idea, both Confucianism and Legalism, have regarded the law as people of the device. The law is the ruling class to maintain vested interests and management tool for people with a strong rule of law in the pragmatism color. The traditional legal concepts, the lack of a rational essential spirit and noble pursuit of value. It is difficult to successfully guide the social order and the rule of law, the rule of law to give lasting support to the cultural patterns. It is bound to hinder people from really establish the idea of the modern rule of law. On the other hand, the lack of modern legal concepts Chinese growth of legal culture. Culture is the people in the unconscious life long process of practice, is accumulated in the spontaneous experience. Drop point needed to establish the rule of law culture, not The design and construction of complete obedience to the mind of people. As a jurist has pointed out, "social life, not the people in the control culture, but culture in the controller. It is because we are too much depth and breadth of cultural ignorance, we have people jump off a guide and control culture may 1." legal culture as a cultural form, is after several generations of experience, is a product of history. In the traditional culture China dominant Confucian culture, the spirit of Confucian culture is incompatible with the modern concept of the rule of law. So it is difficult to produce China law culture, the dominant the position in people's minds is the notion of the rule of man.
Although the transformation of the concept of law of our country is facing the inherent deficiencies, but the concept is exogenous, the acceptance of the characteristics of reflex, which makes the legal concept with foster perfect. In addition by the increasingly mature market economy, advancement of democratic politics, ideology and culture to the outside world, and for the training of these the concept of modern law in China to create the conditions.
By analyzing the modern legal concepts, this paper finds out the lagging nature of our legal concepts. Finally, it puts forward effective ways to cultivate people's legal concepts that are suitable for the construction of modern country under the rule of law. The article is divided into three parts.
First, the modern concept of law in a country under the rule of law. This part first makes a simple analysis of the reasons for the formation of modern legal concepts, and then focuses on the content of modern legal concepts: Law supremacy, individualism and form rationality.
Two, the lag of contemporary China's legal concept. This part is based on the above part, and makes a corresponding analysis of the lagging of our legal concept, and summarizes the concrete manifestation of the lagging concept of law in our country at the present stage: nationalism, case justice and instrumentalism.
Three, the culture of modern legal concepts. This part is I most want to do, of course is the key of the whole article. First of all, in order to effectively complete the transformation of modern legal concepts, defines specific training objectives: 1, legal concept of official culture people-oriented. Its main object is the legislation, law enforcement and judicial.2, cultivate the whole society to the legal belief.3, cultivate awareness of the rights of ordinary people. Then, with a lot of ink to explore training method is feasible, legal education.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D920.0

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