本文選題：清末　切入點：選官制度　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：古代中國的統(tǒng)治階級為了強化自身的統(tǒng)治效力,在選官入仕的途徑上創(chuàng)造出多種模式。我國的選官制度源于先秦,于隋唐時期得以創(chuàng)新,在明清朝代趨于成熟。其中科舉制度的出現(xiàn),展現(xiàn)出當(dāng)時社會政治文明的發(fā)達,以及制度設(shè)計之精巧。然而,隨著外國列強的入侵,鴉片戰(zhàn)爭的結(jié)束,中國自給自足的封建經(jīng)濟的解體,政治的腐朽,西方先進文化,觀念的輸入,傳統(tǒng)的選官制度逐漸喪失了生命力。滿清政府迫于內(nèi)憂外患的壓力,最終決定著手傳統(tǒng)選官制度改革,重新確立較為完善的人才選拔制度。科舉制度的廢止,取而代之的是學(xué)堂選官、留學(xué)生選官、議員選舉的出現(xiàn)。新的官制體系得以完善,職業(yè)官選任開始成型�？荚噧�(nèi)容、方式的突破都為晚清政府在當(dāng)時的社會大環(huán)境下選拔出一批急需的人才。然而,晚清的政府選官制度的改革并不像其宣揚的那樣徹底,創(chuàng)新的同時亦然固守很多舊有的制度,致使任人唯賢與任人唯親、唯財?shù)臎_突成為清末選官制度改革最為顯著的特點。強化中央集權(quán)的思想自始自終貫穿了選官制度改革的整個過程。新舊交織,職責(zé)不明,急功近利的現(xiàn)狀使得清末選官制度改革從內(nèi)部破壞清末政治制度,動搖了其統(tǒng)治之根基,加之統(tǒng)治階層內(nèi)部腐化嚴(yán)重,存在于封建社會由內(nèi)至外最根源性,體制性的詬病導(dǎo)致選官制度改革最初目的和實際結(jié)果的大相徑庭,并最終走向失敗�，F(xiàn)代的我們在回顧清末選官制度改革的同時,既要從整體上看出其在整個歷史進程中先進的一面,又要從改革的環(huán)節(jié)中挖掘出落后的,與社會發(fā)展不相符的一面。通過仔細研究清末選官制度改革中的積極要素、規(guī)律,為現(xiàn)代的官員選任制度提供借鑒,進而推動我國公務(wù)員制度與干部人事制度改革順利進行。
[Abstract]:In order to strengthen their own ruling effect, the ruling class in ancient China created a variety of models in the way of selecting officials for office.The system of selecting officials in China originated from the pre-Qin Dynasty and was innovated in the Sui and Tang dynasties and matured in the Ming and Qing dynasties.Among them, the emergence of imperial examination system, showing the development of social and political civilization at that time, as well as the delicate design of the system.However, with the invasion of foreign powers, the end of the Opium War, the disintegration of China's self-sufficient feudal economy, the decay of politics, the import of advanced western culture and ideas, the traditional system of selecting officials gradually lost its vitality.Under the pressure of internal and external troubles, the Manchu government finally decided to reform the traditional official selection system and re-establish a more perfect talent selection system.The abolition of the imperial examination system was replaced by the election of school officials, foreign students and members of parliament.The new official system was perfected and the selection and appointment of professional officials began to take shape.The breakthrough of examination contents and methods was the selection of a group of badly needed talents by the late Qing government under the social environment at that time.However, the reform of the system of selecting officials in the late Qing Dynasty was not as thorough as it preached, and at the same time, innovation also adhered to many old systems, resulting in the appointment of meritocracy and cronyism.The conflict of only money became the most prominent feature of the reform of the system of selecting officials in the late Qing Dynasty.The thought of strengthening centralization runs through the whole process of the system reform.The new and old intertwined, the duty is not clear, the present situation of eager success and instant benefit causes the reform of the official election system in the late Qing Dynasty to destroy the political system of the late Qing Dynasty from the inside, and shake the foundation of its rule, in addition, the internal corruption of the ruling class is serious.Existing in the feudal society from the inside to outside the most root, the system of criticism led to the original purpose of the reform of the official election system and the actual results of the major differences, and finally to failure.When we look back on the reform of the system of selecting officials in the late Qing Dynasty, we should not only see its advanced side in the whole process of history, but also dig out the backward side from the link of the reform, which is inconsistent with the social development.Through careful study of the positive elements and rules in the reform of the system of selecting officials in the late Qing Dynasty, this paper provides a reference for the modern system of selecting and appointing officials, and then promotes the reform of the civil service system and the cadre and personnel system of our country to proceed smoothly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D929

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本文編號：1725500