本文選題：南京國民政府時期　切入點：宛西自治　出處：《西南政法大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：二十世紀二三十年代，隨著資本主義工商業(yè)的滲透，自然經濟的衰微，傳統(tǒng)的道德觀念和鄉(xiāng)規(guī)民約也受到前所未有的沖擊，廣大農村地區(qū)積貧積弱，鄉(xiāng)村建設與改革問題成了當時中國社會的熱點問題之一。為了改變現狀，眾多不同背景、不同理念的愛國人士提出了很多改革的方案和主張，進行各種各樣的改造活動，以期探索出農村發(fā)展乃至整個國家發(fā)展的出路，鄉(xiāng)村建設運動一時風起云涌。在不改變原有的生產關系的前提下，這些運動的本質多是對經濟和社會進行改良。 筆者的家鄉(xiāng)在宛西，宛西自治運動是以彭禹廷、別廷芳等地方精英為首在鎮(zhèn)平、內鄉(xiāng)、浙川、鄧縣四縣發(fā)起的，，運動持續(xù)了十年之久，他們把以“自衛(wèi)、自治、自富”為主要內容的“三自主義”作為運動的理論指導，采取種種措施改良政治、經濟、教育、軍事和社會風氣，在當地產生了很大影響。宛西地方自治的情形被父輩口口相傳，耳濡目染，筆者便產生了想全面了解那段歷史的想法。通過對宛西自治史料的搜集、整理和分析，發(fā)現雖然由于地理位置，發(fā)起人的知名度等原因，宛西自治的影響在全國不及同時代其他鄉(xiāng)村改革運動，但它有著自己鮮明的地方特色。 當時，地方社會秩序失序，為了保境安民，對抗嚴重擾民的土匪和過往的各路軍閥勢力，宛西自治領導者才組建起了民團這個以當地農民為主要來源的強大地方武裝。有了“自衛(wèi)”的能力后，再以民團作為軍事后盾，積極爭取政治權力，建立自治政府，在自己的勢力范圍內把自治理論付諸實施，實現“自治”、“自富”。重視培養(yǎng)和任用當地的人才，一定程度上的“與世隔絕”，使得宛西自治在實行過程中帶有濃厚的封閉性、內向性的色彩。 本文的研究方法是先以歷史學為基礎，客觀還原歷史原貌，然后再從社會學和法學的觀察視角探究宛西自治運動措施實施的細節(jié)。本文的結構是首先定位宛西自治運動發(fā)生的年代，把它定格在南京國民政府統(tǒng)治時期，結合宛西的地理位置和當地的社會現狀談改革的迫切性和必然性。其次是重點對自治的理論基礎、具體內容和如何開展進行分析，然后總結“治亂世用重典”的別廷芳的法律思想，最后總結運動成敗的經驗教訓。希望能客觀的評價那段珍貴的歷史，為今天的縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距，大力推動農村建設提供有益的啟示。
[Abstract]:In the 1920s and 1930s, with the infiltration of capitalist industry and commerce and the decline of the natural economy, the traditional moral concepts and regulations of the townships were also affected by unprecedented shocks, and the vast rural areas accumulated poverty and became weak.Rural construction and reform became one of the hot issues in Chinese society at that time.In order to change the status quo, many patriots from different backgrounds and different ideas have put forward many reform plans and proposals and carried out various transformation activities in order to explore the way out for rural development and even for the development of the whole country.The rural construction movement was in full swing for a while.Without changing the original relations of production, the essence of these movements is to improve the economy and society.As the theoretical guidance of the movement, the "three Selfism", which is the main content of "self-enrichment", took various measures to improve the political, economic, educational, military and social atmosphere, which had a great influence on the local people.The situation of local autonomy in Wanxi was passed from word to mouth, and the author had the idea of fully understanding that history.Through the collection, collation and analysis of the historical data of Wanxi autonomy, it is found that, although due to geographical location and the popularity of the sponsors, the influence of Wanxi autonomy in the whole country is not as good as that of other rural reform movements of the same time.But it has its own distinctive local characteristics.With the ability of "self-defense," we should actively strive for political power, establish an autonomous government, put the theory of autonomy into practice within our own sphere of influence, and realize "autonomy" and "self-enrichment" by taking the militia as military backing.Pay attention to the cultivation and appointment of local talents, to a certain extent, "isolation", making Wanxi autonomy in the implementation process with a strong closed, introverted color.The structure of this paper is to locate the era when the autonomous movement of Wanxi took place, to fix it in the period of the Nanjing National Government, and to discuss the urgency and inevitability of the reform in the light of the geographical position of Wanxi and the local social situation.Hope to objectively evaluate that precious history, for today's narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas, vigorously promote rural construction to provide useful inspiration.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D929

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