本文選題：法律文本　切入點(diǎn)：法律責(zé)任條款　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：本文的研究主要是致力于提高法律文本中,責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的規(guī)范化、體系化與科學(xué)化水平。具體而言,首先,法律責(zé)任條款的設(shè)置研究有助于彌補(bǔ)目前立法學(xué)界中對(duì)基本概念、基礎(chǔ)理論研究的不足,對(duì)于厘清基本概念及其與相似概念的界分,完善基礎(chǔ)理論具有重要的理論意義；其次,法律責(zé)任條款作為法的實(shí)質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)的重要組成部分,對(duì)責(zé)任條款的深入研究能夠?yàn)楸Ｕ戏ǖ慕Y(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)范化發(fā)揮重要的作用。再次,法律責(zé)任條款的規(guī)范設(shè)置與表達(dá)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展與豐富了了立法學(xué)理論體系。最后對(duì)法條設(shè)計(jì)的技術(shù)主義的立場(chǎng)與研究路徑也擴(kuò)展了立法學(xué)的研究方法與研究路徑。對(duì)法律責(zé)任的規(guī)范化、精細(xì)化設(shè)計(jì)是完善立法文本的重要組成部分,也是提高立法技術(shù),追求科學(xué)立法的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)之所在,同時(shí)也是保障法律有效實(shí)施的后盾力量。法律責(zé)任的規(guī)范化、精細(xì)化設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)踐性面向能夠?yàn)榱⒎▽?shí)務(wù)部門(mén)提供有益的參考與借鑒,進(jìn)而對(duì)于構(gòu)建我國(guó)的立法技術(shù)手冊(cè)或立法指南,完善立法,推動(dòng)我國(guó)法治建設(shè)進(jìn)程,都具有重要而深遠(yuǎn)的意義。本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容,除導(dǎo)論、余論外主要包括六個(gè)部分的內(nèi)容,分別是法律責(zé)任條款的概念與類(lèi)型分析、責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的現(xiàn)狀與問(wèn)題的考察,在準(zhǔn)確重構(gòu)法律責(zé)任條款概念及其類(lèi)型化分析的基礎(chǔ)上,客觀呈現(xiàn)責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的現(xiàn)狀與問(wèn)題,并對(duì)問(wèn)題的成因進(jìn)行考察,以此為依據(jù),構(gòu)建法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的規(guī)范化結(jié)構(gòu)體系,包括設(shè)置的理念與模式、設(shè)置原則、設(shè)置規(guī)則以及設(shè)置的銜接等。第一是法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的概念與類(lèi)型化分析。對(duì)于法律責(zé)任的規(guī)范構(gòu)造的全面解讀,要從邏輯、事實(shí)與價(jià)值三個(gè)層面來(lái)剖析,首先是邏輯層面；其次是社會(huì)事實(shí)層面;再次是法價(jià)值構(gòu)造層面。這三個(gè)層面構(gòu)成了一種密切關(guān)聯(lián)的鏈條關(guān)系,對(duì)任何一個(gè)層面的忽視都將無(wú)法獲得對(duì)于法律責(zé)任概念的完整意義。因此,對(duì)于法律責(zé)任概念的全面、準(zhǔn)確把握應(yīng)從邏輯構(gòu)造、社會(huì)事實(shí)因素與價(jià)值因素三個(gè)方面來(lái)闡釋,即法律責(zé)任是指由不法行為侵犯權(quán)利或法益而產(chǎn)生的體現(xiàn)制裁規(guī)范效果的救濟(jì)權(quán)法律關(guān)系。法律責(zé)任條款即是指在法律文本中表述由不法行為侵犯權(quán)利或法益而產(chǎn)生的體現(xiàn)制裁規(guī)范效果的救濟(jì)權(quán)法律關(guān)系內(nèi)容的條文。要準(zhǔn)確把握法律責(zé)任條款的概念,還需要進(jìn)一步厘清法律責(zé)任條款與法律義務(wù)條款、法律責(zé)任條款與法律制裁條款等概念的內(nèi)涵與外延之間的區(qū)別。同時(shí),為了使我們更加全面、清晰地把握責(zé)任條款概念的內(nèi)涵與外延以及對(duì)法律責(zé)任設(shè)置的問(wèn)題提煉與責(zé)任條款的規(guī)范設(shè)計(jì)打下堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ),需要對(duì)法律責(zé)任條款進(jìn)行類(lèi)型化分析。第二是法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)置現(xiàn)狀與問(wèn)題的分析。在設(shè)置現(xiàn)狀方面,從宏觀的立法變遷視角來(lái)看法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)定情況,可以發(fā)現(xiàn),立法者對(duì)法律責(zé)任的價(jià)值與功能是越來(lái)越重視的,相應(yīng)的立法科學(xué)化和立法技術(shù)水平也在不斷提高。但不可否認(rèn)的是仍存在不設(shè)定法律責(zé)任條款的立法現(xiàn)象,這種責(zé)任條款缺失的問(wèn)題是由多種因素綜合作用的結(jié)果。此外,我國(guó)當(dāng)下法律文本中對(duì)于責(zé)任條款的設(shè)置與分則中義務(wù)性條款的針對(duì)性基本上還是合理的。在設(shè)置的問(wèn)題方面,首先是邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性問(wèn)題；其次是法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的協(xié)調(diào)性問(wèn)題；再次是法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的銜接性問(wèn)題；復(fù)次是法律文本中責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的概括性問(wèn)題,最后是法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)置語(yǔ)言表述失范問(wèn)題。第三是法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的理念與模式。法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的理念,是指立法者在法律文本中設(shè)置法律責(zé)任條款時(shí)所應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循的價(jià)值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和觀念指引,法律責(zé)任條款的思維理念對(duì)于法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的原則和具體規(guī)則具有指導(dǎo)與引領(lǐng)作用。法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)置應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循的理念包括正當(dāng)性理念、合理性理念與謙抑性理念。針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題,在法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)置排列模式的選擇上,應(yīng)當(dāng)充分注重實(shí)事求是的原則。法律責(zé)任條款的集中排列模式與分散排列模式本身并無(wú)優(yōu)劣之區(qū)別,采取何種排列模式,主要以排列模式便于法律文本適用查閱與表述簡(jiǎn)潔為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),合理選擇兩種排列模式。第四是法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的原則。法律責(zé)任條款的設(shè)置原則是指在法律責(zé)任條款具體設(shè)置及語(yǔ)言表述時(shí)必須遵循的基本準(zhǔn)則。法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的原則,發(fā)揮著承上啟下的重要過(guò)渡作用,一方面,設(shè)置原則是理念的進(jìn)一步深化和具體體現(xiàn)；另一方面,設(shè)置原則又對(duì)法律責(zé)任條款具體設(shè)置的表述規(guī)則與語(yǔ)言規(guī)范具有嚴(yán)格的指導(dǎo)作用,統(tǒng)領(lǐng)責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的具體規(guī)則與技巧,因此法律責(zé)任條款的設(shè)置原則是整個(gè)法律責(zé)任規(guī)范化體系中十分關(guān)鍵的一環(huán)。法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的原則包括,首先是法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的合法性原則,其次是法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的對(duì)應(yīng)性原則,再次是法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的協(xié)調(diào)性原則,復(fù)次是法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的可操作性原則,最后是法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的規(guī)范性原則。第五是法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的規(guī)則。法律責(zé)任條款設(shè)置規(guī)則是在設(shè)置理念的統(tǒng)領(lǐng)下,在責(zé)任條款設(shè)置原則的基礎(chǔ)上所衍生出的一系列具體規(guī)則,以便在責(zé)任條款的具體設(shè)定中予以運(yùn)用,使責(zé)任條款的具體表述能夠更加科學(xué)合理、更加明確具體、更加規(guī)范,最終使得責(zé)任條款能夠有效保障義務(wù)性條款乃至法律文本本身的有效實(shí)施。首先是邏輯規(guī)則。具體包括邏輯的完備性、邏輯的明確性與邏輯的一致性。其次是語(yǔ)言規(guī)則,包括語(yǔ)言表述的準(zhǔn)確性、表述的簡(jiǎn)潔性與表述的規(guī)范性。最后是修辭規(guī)則,修辭規(guī)則是指在責(zé)任條款的設(shè)置時(shí),能夠強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)言表述的論證說(shuō)服效果,強(qiáng)化責(zé)任條款的可實(shí)施性與可接受性效果的規(guī)則。堅(jiān)持遵循責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的修辭規(guī)則,要求在責(zé)任條款的設(shè)置要注重兩個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題,一方面是表述內(nèi)容的可實(shí)施性,另一方面是表述語(yǔ)言的可接受性。第六是法律責(zé)任設(shè)置的銜接問(wèn)題。法律文本的規(guī)范化、科學(xué)化設(shè)計(jì)離不開(kāi)責(zé)任條款的科學(xué)、規(guī)范設(shè)置,在法律責(zé)任條款規(guī)范體系設(shè)計(jì)中,除了建構(gòu)性的設(shè)置理念、模式、原則與規(guī)則之外,還需要責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的有效銜接與協(xié)調(diào),包括法律責(zé)任條款的外部銜接與內(nèi)部銜接。如此才能是整個(gè)法律文本發(fā)揮最大的優(yōu)勢(shì),保障法律自身的有效實(shí)施。法律文本中責(zé)任條款設(shè)置的銜接具體而言,以責(zé)任條款設(shè)置銜接自身為劃分依據(jù),包括兩個(gè)大的方面,一個(gè)是責(zé)任條款的外部銜接,包含著不同法律文本層面,責(zé)任條款與上位法中責(zé)任條款之間的銜接、與下位法中責(zé)任條款之間的銜接以及與同位階的其他法律文本中責(zé)任條款之間的銜接：同一法律文本中,責(zé)任條款與義務(wù)性條款、獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)條款、救濟(jì)性條款、權(quán)利性條款以及與定義條款、準(zhǔn)用性條款等之間的銜接。另一個(gè)方面則是法律責(zé)任條款內(nèi)部的銜接,包括責(zé)任條款中不同責(zé)任要素之間的優(yōu)化排列組合；不同責(zé)任類(lèi)型之間的銜接與不同責(zé)任形式之間的銜接。
[Abstract]:This paper is devoted to improving the legal text, standard clause set, systematic and scientific level. Specifically, first of all, the research set legal liability clauses helps to make up for the current legislation in academic circles on the basic concepts and basic theory of forgetting, for clarifying the basic concepts and similar the concept of boundary points, has important theoretical significance to improve basic theory; secondly, the legal liability clause as an important part of the essence of the structure method, in-depth study of the liability clause can play an important role in the structure of the standard security law. Thirdly, the legal liability provisions of the standard setting and further expand and enrich the expression the theory of legislation system. Finally, the method of position and path design technology also extends the research methods and research path. The legislation of legal liability in standardization Fine, perfect design is an important part of the legislative text, but also to improve the legislative technique, where the key to the pursuit of scientific legislation, but also guarantee the effective implementation of legal backing. The standardization of legal responsibility, fine design and practice oriented can provide a useful reference for the legislative practice department, and so on the construction of China's legislative technical manual or legislative guide, improve legislation, promote the process of building the rule of law in China, has important and far-reaching significance. The research content, this article besides the introduction, conclusion mainly includes six parts, respectively is the concept and types of legal liability clauses, study status and problems clause set, based on analyzing the concept and types of accurate reconstruction of legal liability provisions of the present situation and problems of liability clause, set objective, and the problem of the Because of, on this basis, the construction of system specifications set legal liability clauses, including the concept and mode, set the principle of setting rules and setting the link. The first is analysis of the concept and type of set legal liability clauses. For a comprehensive interpretation of the normative structure of legal liability, from logic three, a level of fact and value analysis, the first is the logical level; the second is the social fact; again is the law value structure level. These three aspects constitute the chain relationship of a closely related, for any one of the neglect will not obtain complete meaning for the concept of legal responsibility. Therefore, for the concept of legal responsibility should be comprehensive, accurately grasp the logical structure, explained the three aspects of social facts and value factors, namely legal liability refers to the illegal acts of infringement of rights or legal interests. Right of relief legal relationship students reflect sanctions effect. The legal liability clause specification is expressed by the content refers to the malfeasance infringes the rights or legal interests in legal texts which reflect the effect of sanctions norms legal remedies for rights provisions. The relationship between concepts to accurately grasp the legal liability clauses, also need to further clarify the legal liability clause with the legal obligations, the difference between the denotation and connotation of legal liability clauses and legal sanction clause concept. At the same time, in order to make us a more comprehensive, standardized design clearly grasp the connotation and denotation of the concept of liability clause and setting of legal liability and responsibility in terms of the problem and lay a solid foundation, the need for legal clause the type of analysis. The second is the analysis of the present situation and problems of setting legal liability clauses. In the current situation, from the macro perspective of the legislative changes The legal liability clause set, can be found, the value and function of legislation on the legal liability is more and more important, the corresponding scientific legislation and legislative technical level is also rising. But it is undeniable that there are still legislation phenomenon does not set the legal liability provisions, the responsibility of the missing articles is by a variety of factors. In addition, China's current legal text set with specific provisions for compulsory liability clause in terms of pertinence basically is reasonable. In terms of the set of issues, the first is the logical structure of the integrity problem; the second problem is the coordination of the setting of legal liability provisions; the problem is again convergence set legal liability clauses; thirdly is the problems set clauses in legal texts, the last is the legal liability provisions set language anomie. Third is the law Concept and mode of setting legal liability clauses. Set liability concept, refers to the value standard should follow the legislators set legal liability clauses in legal texts and the guidance of the concept, legal liability provisions of the idea of legal responsibility for the terms of setting principles and specific rules of guiding and leading role of legal responsibility. The terms set should follow the idea of including the concept of legitimacy, rationality and modesty of the concept of philosophy. To solve these problems, in terms of legal liability arranged mode choice, should pay full attention to the principle of seeking truth from facts. Legal liability clauses and the dispersion difference pattern itself is no better on the pattern, what pattern, mainly arrangement mode for applicable legal text access and concise representation as the standard, reasonable choice of two kinds of arrangement mode. Fourth is the legal liability In terms of setting principles. Setting principle of liability is the basic principle that must be followed in terms of specific legal responsibility setting and language expression. The set of legal liability provisions principle, plays an important role in the transition, a hand setting principle is the idea of further deepening and embodiment; on the other hand, the setting principle and the terms of the legal obligation to the specific set of rules and norms of language expression has a guiding role in the strict, specific rules and skills to set up responsibility clause, so set the principle of legal liability clause is a very important link in the whole legal responsibility standardization system. Including the setting principles of legal liability provisions, the first is the principle of legality set the legal liability clauses, followed by the corresponding principle of setting legal liability clauses, again is the coordination of legal liability clause is set, Third is the legal liability provisions set of operational principles, and finally set the legal liability provisions of the normative principles. The fifth is to set the legal liability provisions of the liability rules. The rules set is in the set of ideas under the guidance of a series of specific rules based on the principle of liability clause set in derivatives, in order to specific set in the clause to be used, the specific expressions of liability clause can be more scientific and reasonable, more specific, more standardized, makes the final clause can effectively guarantee the effective implementation of compulsory provisions and legal texts. The first is the logical rules. Including logical completeness, consistency of logic and logic the second is language. Language rules, including accuracy, simple expression and normative statements. Finally the rhetoric rules, rhetoric Rules refers to In terms of responsibility set, can strengthen the language argument effect, implementation of the rules and acceptability of the effect of strengthening responsibility clause. Adhere to the rhetoric rules set to follow the liability clause in the clause set requirements, should pay attention to two aspects, one is the implementation of the content of expression. On the other hand is a language acceptable. Sixth is the interface between the legal liability set. The standardization of legal texts, scientific design cannot do without the responsibility in terms of science, standard setting, in terms of normative legal responsibility system design, in addition to the constructive concept, mode, in addition to the principles and rules. Also need to set the clause effective convergence and coordination, including the legal responsibility in terms of the external connection and internal cohesion. The legal texts so as to maximize the advantages of their own effective legal protection Implement. Connection settings of liability clauses in legal texts specifically to clause set the basis for the division of its cohesion, including two aspects, one is the external connection clause, including different level of text, cohesion between the responsibility and liability clause in the upper law section of the connection between the connection between and in terms of the liability under the law and other legal liability clauses in the text and parity order: the same legal texts, liability clauses and obligation clauses, reward clause, relief provisions, rights clauses and definition of terms, with the connection between the provisions and so on. Another aspect is the connection of the legal the internal liability clause, including the responsibility of optimization between different elements of liability in terms of arrangement and combination; cohesion between different types of responsibility of cohesion and different forms of responsibility.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D920.0

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 孫洪坤;從立法技術(shù)角度看刑事訴訟立法的完善[J];安慶師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2002年04期

2 劉雪斌;;改革開(kāi)放三十年的中國(guó)法學(xué)研究方法——回顧、反思與展望[J];長(zhǎng)春理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2009年03期

3 李建華;我國(guó)與韓國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)法立法技術(shù)的比較和借鑒[J];東北亞論壇;1997年02期

4 侯欣一;唐律與明律立法技術(shù)比較研究[J];法律科學(xué).西北政法學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);1996年02期

5 黃洪旺;;地方立法語(yǔ)言及其表述技術(shù)[J];閩江學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2010年04期

6 周旺生;應(yīng)當(dāng)重視立法基本概念的研究[J];法學(xué)評(píng)論;1994年03期

7 江國(guó)華;論立法價(jià)值——從“禁鞭尷尬”說(shuō)起[J];法學(xué)評(píng)論;2005年06期

8 黃文藝;;法律體系形象之解構(gòu)與重構(gòu)[J];法學(xué);2008年02期

9 樓伯坤;;“犯前款罪”立法與引證罪狀理論的沖突與協(xié)調(diào)——以立法技術(shù)為視角[J];法治研究;2011年06期

10 曾慶輝;;地方立法存在的問(wèn)題及對(duì)策探析[J];楚天主人;2011年05期

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前3條

1 鄭朝暉;[N];中國(guó)財(cái)經(jīng)報(bào);2000年

2 孫龍廣 北京市國(guó)土資源局大興分局;[N];中國(guó)國(guó)土資源報(bào);2009年

3 記者 柴麗;[N];中國(guó)檔案報(bào);2004年

，

本文編號(hào)：1659133