本文選題：南非　切入點：本土知識　出處：《湘潭大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著本土知識(傳統(tǒng)知識)的價值逐漸被認知、發(fā)掘以及充分利用,國際社會開始關(guān)注本土知識(傳統(tǒng)知識)的保護問題,南非是其中對本土知識保護立法較為完善和先進的國家。南非將本土知識的保護分為狹義的本土知識、傳統(tǒng)文化表達和與自然資源利用相關(guān)的本土知識三個部分來進行討論,比較WIPO等國際組織對“傳統(tǒng)知識”的界定,南非立法中“本土知識”的定義與WIPO等國際組織所提出的“傳統(tǒng)知識”在內(nèi)涵與外延上是大致相當?shù)摹Ｒ环矫鎳H社會普遍呼吁對本土知識予以保護,另一方面南非國內(nèi)因“生物盜竊”而遭受的損失也日益擴大。在這兩方面的共同作用下,南非開始了保護國內(nèi)本土知識的探索,成功出臺了一系列保護本土知識的政策與法案：其于2004年先后頒布了《生物多樣性法》和《本土知識體系政策》,2013年頒布了《知識產(chǎn)權(quán)法修正案》,2014年又頒布了《保護、推廣、發(fā)展和管理本土知識體系法案》來對本土知識進行保護。這些文件與法案建立了完善的法律體系、制度體系與管理體系來保護南非的本土知識。南非根據(jù)《生物多樣性法》建立了國家生物多樣性機構(gòu),負責對生物遺傳資源的保護進行監(jiān)督與管理,制定了生物遺傳資源的惠益共享原則和許可證制度。 《本土知識體系政策》作為南非本土知識保護的綱領(lǐng)性文件,除了界定了本土知識的內(nèi)涵與外延外,還做出了將本土知識納入教育體系和建立本土知識研究基金來保護本土知識的決定。在隨后制定的《保護、推廣、發(fā)展和管理本土知識體系法案》中則詳盡地規(guī)定了本土知識的保護與管理制度。 《知識產(chǎn)權(quán)法修正案》則是根據(jù)本土知識的不同種類將其納入到知識產(chǎn)權(quán)體系分別進行保護：在《表演者保護法》中對傳統(tǒng)作品及傳統(tǒng)文化表現(xiàn)形式的表演給予了保護； 《版權(quán)法》則通過版權(quán)對傳統(tǒng)作品進行保護； 《商標法》則對傳統(tǒng)的文字、表達和地理標志相關(guān)的本土知識提供保護；《外觀設(shè)計法》對本土知識的保護則表現(xiàn)在保護傳統(tǒng)的外觀設(shè)計上。通過這一系列的立法活動,南非成功的實現(xiàn)了對本土知識較為完整、全面的保護,其在保護模式與制度建設(shè)等方面為我國傳統(tǒng)知識保護的立法提供了有益借鑒。我國應(yīng)該從制度建設(shè)、體系建設(shè)、管理建設(shè)等方面借鑒南非的成功經(jīng)驗,盡快制定與完善我國傳統(tǒng)知識保護的立法,爭取能夠更加全面的保護我國的傳統(tǒng)知識。
[Abstract]:As the value of indigenous knowledge (traditional knowledge) is gradually recognized, exploited and fully utilized, the international community has begun to pay attention to the protection of indigenous knowledge (traditional knowledge). South Africa is one of the countries with perfect and advanced legislation on the protection of indigenous knowledge. South Africa divides the protection of indigenous knowledge into three parts: narrow indigenous knowledge, traditional cultural expression and indigenous knowledge related to the utilization of natural resources. Comparing the definition of "traditional knowledge" in international organizations such as WIPO, The definition of "indigenous knowledge" in South African legislation is roughly equivalent to that of "traditional knowledge" proposed by international organizations such as WIPO. On the one hand, the international community generally calls for the protection of indigenous knowledge. On the other hand, the losses suffered in South Africa as a result of "bio-theft" are also increasing. Under the joint action of these two aspects, South Africa has begun to explore the protection of indigenous knowledge at home. A series of policies and bills for the protection of indigenous knowledge were successfully introduced: the Biodiversity Act and the Indigenous knowledge system Policy were promulgated in 2004, the intellectual property Law Amendment was promulgated in 2013, and the Protection, Promotion and Promotion Act was promulgated in 2014. The Act on the Development and Management of Native knowledge Systems to protect indigenous knowledge. These documents and acts have established a sound legal system. Institutional and regulatory systems to protect indigenous knowledge in South Africa. South Africa established the National Biodiversity Agency under the Biodiversity Act to oversee and manage the conservation of biological genetic resources. As a programmatic document for the protection of indigenous knowledge in South Africa, it not only defines the connotation and extension of indigenous knowledge, but also defines the connotation and extension of indigenous knowledge. Decisions have also been made to integrate indigenous knowledge into the education system and to establish indigenous knowledge research funds to protect indigenous knowledge. The Act on the Development and Management of Native knowledge Systems provides in detail the regime for the protection and management of indigenous knowledge. The Amendment to the intellectual property Law is to incorporate indigenous knowledge into the intellectual property system according to the different types of indigenous knowledge. Don't protect: traditional works and performances of traditional cultural expressions are protected in the performer Protection Act; copyright protects traditional works through copyright; Trademark Law protects traditional writing. The expression of indigenous knowledge related to geographical indications provides protection; the Protection of Native knowledge in the Design Act is manifested in the protection of traditional designs. South Africa has successfully realized a relatively complete and comprehensive protection of indigenous knowledge, which provides a useful reference for the legislation of the protection of traditional knowledge in China in the aspects of protection mode and system construction. From the successful experiences of South Africa, we should make and perfect the legislation on the protection of traditional knowledge in our country as soon as possible, and strive to protect our traditional knowledge in a more comprehensive way.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D947;DD913

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