本文選題：宋代　切入點(diǎn)：土地　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：宋代的商品貿(mào)易非�；钴S，商品經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)，國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的調(diào)控不斷加強(qiáng)，特別是對土地的調(diào)控。土地自古以來都是人類最基本的生產(chǎn)資料，因此歷朝歷代的統(tǒng)治者對土地問題的都采取了比較謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度。隨著唐朝后期均田制的瓦解，國家對土地的控制力逐漸減弱，土地的兼并日益嚴(yán)重。到了宋朝，統(tǒng)治者實(shí)行“不抑兼并，不立田制”的土地政策，致使土地兼并日益嚴(yán)重，土地權(quán)利的流轉(zhuǎn)加快，土地的集中程度越來越高。兩宋是私有制經(jīng)濟(jì)和商品經(jīng)濟(jì)高度發(fā)展的歷史時期，為不動產(chǎn)的土地，已成為大宗的交易商品，有錢有勢的官僚地主大肆的收買土地，是土地集中在少數(shù)人手里。在古代社會，國家的收入主要的來源就是通過征收賦稅、地租等，但是宋朝的土地多掌握在官僚地主的手里，因此宋朝的賦稅、田租等地上交掌握在官僚地主手里，因此國家的財政收入受到了嚴(yán)重的影響。針對這一情況，統(tǒng)治者對土地的交易采取了一系列的限制，在一定程度上起到了土地的兼并。另一方面，土地的買賣導(dǎo)致了土地的高度集中，從而一部分農(nóng)民占有很少的土地，或者沒有土地，從而使宋代的租佃制度得到發(fā)展。土地租佃制度的發(fā)展使土地的使用權(quán)和占有權(quán)得以分離，從而使土地的使用權(quán)可以獨(dú)立的進(jìn)行流轉(zhuǎn)，從而提高了土地的利用效率，在一定程度上提高了農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)的積極性，從而促進(jìn)了農(nóng)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)。宋朝統(tǒng)治者推行的土地制度，，導(dǎo)致了土地所有權(quán)和土地使用權(quán)的加速流轉(zhuǎn)，通過對土地的買賣和租佃過程中產(chǎn)生的問題進(jìn)行分析，使我們可以更加清晰的了解宋代的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，對宋朝以后的歷朝歷代的研究也起到了一定的作用，對當(dāng)今的土地問題也有一定的借鑒意義。本文主要通過三個方面對問題進(jìn)行了探討： 第一部分是宋代土地所有權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)制度，首先對土地流轉(zhuǎn)的方式進(jìn)行了探討；緊接著論述了土地流轉(zhuǎn)的一般程序，最后對土地流轉(zhuǎn)過程中的糾紛解決進(jìn)行了探討。 第二部分是宋代土地使用權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)制度，主要從土地租佃制度、永佃權(quán)制度和占佃權(quán)制度三個個方面進(jìn)行闡述。 第三部分是土地流轉(zhuǎn)制度的影響，主要是從四個方面來論述，首先是土地私有化程度不斷提高；其次是所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移頻繁；再次是土地集中和兼并嚴(yán)重；第四是土地所有權(quán)和使用權(quán)的分離；最后是土地權(quán)利主體范圍的擴(kuò)大。
[Abstract]:The commodity trade in the Song Dynasty was very active, the commodity economy was developed, and the national economic regulation and control was constantly strengthened, especially on the land. Land has been the most basic means of production for mankind since ancient times. As a result, the rulers of successive dynasties took a more cautious approach to the land issue. With the collapse of the land system in the late Tang Dynasty, the state's control over the land gradually weakened, and the annexation of land became increasingly serious. By the Song Dynasty, The rulers implemented the land policy of "not restraining annexation and not establishing farmland system", which led to the increasingly serious land annexation and the quickening of the circulation of land rights. The concentration of land became higher and higher. The Song Dynasty was a historical period in which the private ownership economy and the commodity economy developed highly. Land for real estate had become a major trading commodity, and the rich and powerful bureaucrat landlords had wantonly bought the land. Land is concentrated in the hands of a small number of people. In ancient society, the main source of national income was the collection of taxes, land rents, and so on, but the land of the Song Dynasty was mostly in the hands of bureaucratic landlords, so the taxation of the Song Dynasty. Land rentals and other land transfers are in the hands of bureaucratic landlords, so the state's financial revenue is seriously affected. In response to this situation, the rulers imposed a series of restrictions on land transactions. On the other hand, the purchase and sale of land led to a high concentration of land, so that some farmers had little or no land. Thus, the tenancy system of Song Dynasty was developed. The development of land tenancy system separated the right to use land from the right of possession, so that the right to use land could be transferred independently, thus improving the efficiency of land use. To a certain extent, the enthusiasm of farmers' production was increased, thus promoting agricultural production. The land system implemented by the rulers of the Song Dynasty led to the accelerated circulation of land ownership and land use rights. Through the analysis of the problems arising in the process of land sale and tenancy, we can have a clearer understanding of the social and economic development of the Song Dynasty, which has played a certain role in the research of successive dynasties since the Song Dynasty. It also has certain reference significance to the present land problem. This article mainly through three aspects carries on the discussion to the question:. The first part is the system of land ownership transfer in Song Dynasty. Firstly, it discusses the way of land transfer; then discusses the general procedures of land transfer, and finally discusses the settlement of disputes in the process of land transfer. The second part is the transfer system of land use right in Song Dynasty, mainly from three aspects: land tenancy system, permanent tenancy right system and occupation tenancy right system. The third part is the impact of land transfer system, mainly from four aspects, first, the degree of land privatization continues to improve; secondly, the transfer of ownership is frequent; again, land concentration and annexation are serious; The fourth is the separation of land ownership and right of use, and finally, the expansion of the scope of the subject of land rights.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D929

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

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