本文選題：片言折獄　切入點(diǎn)：法律文化　出處：《吉首大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：任何社會(huì)現(xiàn)象都有其產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展的歷史，一旦拋開(kāi)歷史的聯(lián)系，所有法律現(xiàn)象都不能得到正確的把握和認(rèn)識(shí)。在中國(guó)古代司法領(lǐng)域中出現(xiàn)“片言折獄”這一傳統(tǒng)司法現(xiàn)象絕不是偶然的，它有典型的存在運(yùn)行模式與方式，而其產(chǎn)生更具有深刻的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和文化等方面的原因，并且它曾一度成為中國(guó)古代訴訟領(lǐng)域中對(duì)司法官的高度贊譽(yù)與衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，筆者想弄清緣何它具有如此巨大的魅力，能夠在當(dāng)時(shí)的歷史文化條件下取得良好的社會(huì)效果并受世人追捧。 “片言折獄”概括而言，就是古代司法機(jī)關(guān)根據(jù)在案件審理中所掌握的一方或雙方或證人的一言半語(yǔ)而直接裁判案件。它揭示了中國(guó)古代司法實(shí)踐領(lǐng)域中一種特殊的司法理念和觀念，，并日益發(fā)展成古代司法官非完全依據(jù)證據(jù)和邏輯進(jìn)行主觀臆斷的一種斷獄方式和審案指導(dǎo)思想。借助典型性案例，筆者大致歸納出“片言折獄”在古代司法領(lǐng)域內(nèi)運(yùn)行的兩種基本模式，分別是經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｊ胶颓槔砟Ｊ健?探討中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)司法現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因不能僅限于司法活動(dòng)的價(jià)值本身，而要深入到對(duì)其產(chǎn)生起到基礎(chǔ)性作用的整個(gè)社會(huì)存在的層面上，筆者深入剖析“片言折獄”產(chǎn)生的原因，主要集中在四個(gè)方面，即農(nóng)耕經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)方式、專(zhuān)制政治活動(dòng)、宗法社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)和本土禮法文化。 “片言折獄”作為中國(guó)古代訴訟領(lǐng)域中對(duì)司法官的評(píng)價(jià)和衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，蘊(yùn)含了豐富的價(jià)值取向，具體表現(xiàn)為追求訴訟效率、貫徹倫理綱常與矜恤仁愛(ài)的精神、平衡法與情的沖突以及維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序的和諧。這些價(jià)值追求使得它在某種意義上已經(jīng)升到傳統(tǒng)政治哲學(xué)和行政哲學(xué)的角度。 對(duì)“片言折獄”進(jìn)行全面分析研究離不開(kāi)對(duì)它的客觀地評(píng)價(jià)：一方面，它有積極的一面，它蘊(yùn)含著中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)法律文化中的樸素的正義觀念、對(duì)古代社會(huì)非成文法的萌發(fā)產(chǎn)生了一定的推動(dòng)作用，而它豐富的價(jià)值取向也成為其積極性的集中體現(xiàn)。另一方面，它也無(wú)法避免其固有的缺陷，主要集中在易誘發(fā)司法擅斷和破壞司法的權(quán)威與嚴(yán)肅性上。 同時(shí)筆者認(rèn)為還應(yīng)注重從“片言折獄”中吸取教訓(xùn)以期得到對(duì)現(xiàn)代司法的各種深刻啟示，主要體現(xiàn)在對(duì)我國(guó)司法自由裁量權(quán)、司法衡平和司法獨(dú)立等方面的思考上。筆者希望通過(guò)對(duì)“片言折獄”進(jìn)行全方位的闡述、分析和評(píng)價(jià)，使我們可以更加客觀公正地理解這一中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)司法文化中的特殊理念。
[Abstract]:Any social phenomenon has its production, development history, once cast the ties of history and all legal phenomena can't get the correct understanding. "Not the traditional judicial phenomenon in thejudicature field in ancient Chinese is accidental, it is typical of the existing operation mode and mode, and produce more with profound economic, political and cultural aspects, and it has become the Chinese ancient lawsuit field high praise of judicial officers and standards, the author wants to find out why it has such a great charm, can achieve good social effect in the historical and cultural conditions of the time and sought by the world.
Generally speaking, "slice speech to decide cases" is the ancient judicial organs according to the master in the case of one party or both parties or witnesses a word or two and directly referee cases. It reveals China ancient judicial practice in the field of special judicial ideas and concepts, and gradually developed into a non ancient judicial trial manner completely subjective assumptions based on evidence and logic and case guiding ideology. With typical cases, the author roughly summarizes the two basic modes of operation in the field of ancient settle a case at "judicial, respectively is the pattern of experience and management mode.
To explore the causes of China not traditional judicial phenomenon only in judicial activities in the value of itself, and to further to play a fundamental role in the whole society is part of it, the author analyzes the reasons of settle a case at ", mainly concentrated in four aspects, namely agricultural economic mode of production, the autocratic political activities. Patriarchal clan social structure and local etiquette culture.
"As the ancient Chinese settle a case at" litigation of judicial appraisal and measure standard, contains rich value orientation, is a concrete manifestation of the pursuit of the efficiency of lawsuit, implementingethics and love spirit, balancing the conflict between law and sentiment and maintain harmonious social order. All these make it in some sense has risen to the traditional political philosophy and administrative philosophy angle.
To conduct a comprehensive analysis and study cannot do without an objective evaluation on it to settle a case at ": on the one hand, it has the positive side, it contains the concept of justice China traditional legal culture in the ancient society of simple, non have a certain role in promoting the germination and the value orientation of grammar, it has also become rich embodies its enthusiasm. On the other hand, it cannot avoid its inherent defects, mainly concentrated in inducing judicial tyranny and destroy the authority and seriousness of the administration of justice.
At the same time, the author thinks that should pay attention to the lessons from "in order to settle a case at" get all kinds of profound enlightenment to the modern judicial, mainly embodied in the judicial discretion in our country right thinking, judicial equity and judicial independence and so on. The author hopes that through the comprehensive exposition of "analysis and evaluation, settle a case at". So that we can more objectively understand the special idea of this Chinese traditional judicial culture.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉首大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D909.2

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