本文選題：明代　切入點：職務(wù)犯罪　出處：《蘭州大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：我國古代的權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)是沿著集權(quán)于中央,集權(quán)于皇帝的軌道發(fā)展的,并且不斷強化。專制主義的中央集權(quán)制度得以矗立,有賴于統(tǒng)一的官僚機構(gòu)的支撐。因而吏治清廉與否對國家機器能否正常運轉(zhuǎn)關(guān)系巨大,進而關(guān)乎王朝興替。有效地預(yù)防和打擊職務(wù)犯罪無疑是永葆吏治清明的重要手段。 明代有關(guān)職務(wù)犯罪的法律制度是在吸取往朝各代經(jīng)驗教訓的基礎(chǔ)上逐步建立起來的,在歷史發(fā)展中起著承上啟下的作用。本文試圖通過對明代職務(wù)犯罪法律制度的研究獲得對明代職務(wù)犯罪的一般認識,然后結(jié)合當前我國職務(wù)犯罪的現(xiàn)狀及特點提出現(xiàn)階段懲防職務(wù)犯罪的對策和建議。本文共分以下四部分： 第一部分是對明代職務(wù)犯罪情況的概述。主要是通過現(xiàn)代刑法理論并結(jié)合明代的具體情況對職務(wù)犯罪這一概念進行分析和界定；然后在此基礎(chǔ)上簡要論述明初職務(wù)犯罪的立法背景,以及其明刑弼教和重典治吏的立法指導(dǎo)思想；最后將根據(jù)明代律令的規(guī)定對其職務(wù)犯罪分為三類,即貪污受賄性質(zhì)的職務(wù)犯罪行為,司法官吏和軍官的職務(wù)犯罪行為,玩忽職守,擅權(quán)行事的瀆職犯罪行為。 第二部分是論述明代職務(wù)犯罪的相關(guān)司法制度。首先闡明對職務(wù)犯罪的兩種起訴方式,一是類似于現(xiàn)代公訴的彈劾制度,二是體現(xiàn)民眾監(jiān)督的告訴制度；其次通過對初審復(fù)審會審判決及奏請制度的論述說明明代對職務(wù)犯罪審理的程序和審判制度中的特殊規(guī)定。 第三部分是明代預(yù)防職務(wù)犯罪的法律制度。明代預(yù)防職務(wù)犯罪的法律制度較為完備。在行政法律制度方面,明政府建立了官吏的選拔制度,官吏考核制度和回避制度；監(jiān)察法律制度是明代預(yù)防職務(wù)犯罪的重要制度,建立了中央和地方兩套監(jiān)察體系,不論哪套體系,其中的每一個監(jiān)察機關(guān)都有自己特殊的演變歷史,并賦予其特殊的監(jiān)察權(quán)力。 第四部分對當代我國職務(wù)犯罪的現(xiàn)狀及特點和明代懲罰職務(wù)犯罪的特點進行分別論述,然后在此基礎(chǔ)上分析明代懲防職務(wù)犯罪的經(jīng)驗教訓對我國現(xiàn)階段職務(wù)犯罪懲防的啟示。
[Abstract]:The ancient power structure of our country developed along the track of centralization of power and centralization of power on the track of emperors. Depending on the support of the unified bureaucracy, whether the official administration is clean or not has a great relationship to the normal operation of the state machine, and then relates to the replacement of the dynasty. It is undoubtedly an important means to effectively prevent and crack down on the official crime. The legal system on job-related crimes in the Ming Dynasty was gradually established on the basis of drawing lessons from the past dynasties. This paper attempts to obtain a general understanding of duty crime in Ming Dynasty through the study of the legal system of duty crime in Ming Dynasty. Then combining the present situation and characteristics of duty crime in our country, the author puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to punish and prevent duty crime at the present stage. This article is divided into four parts:. The first part is an overview of the crime of duty in Ming Dynasty, mainly through the modern criminal law theory and combined with the specific circumstances of the Ming Dynasty to analyze and define the concept of duty crime; On this basis, it briefly discusses the legislative background of duty crime in the early Ming Dynasty, and the legislative guiding ideology of its "Ming Dynasty Bishi" and "serious punishment"; finally, it divides its duty crime into three categories according to the provisions of the Ming Dynasty law and order. That is, the crime of corruption and bribery, the duty crime of judicial officials and officers, neglect of duty and malfeasance of authority. The second part is to discuss the relevant judicial system of duty crime in Ming Dynasty. Firstly, it clarifies two kinds of prosecution methods, one is similar to the impeachment system of modern public prosecution, the other is the telling system of public supervision. Secondly, it explains the procedure and the special provisions of the trial system of duty crime in Ming Dynasty by discussing the system of trial judgment and request for first instance retrial. The third part is the legal system of preventing duty crime in Ming Dynasty. The legal system of preventing duty crime in Ming Dynasty is relatively complete. In the aspect of administrative legal system, the Ming government established the selection system of officials, the examination system of officials and the system of avoidance. The supervisory legal system is an important system for the prevention of job-related crimes in the Ming Dynasty. It has established two sets of supervisory systems of the central and local governments. No matter which system, each supervisory organ has its own special evolution history and endows it with special supervisory power. The 4th part discusses the present situation and characteristics of duty crime in contemporary China and the characteristics of punishing duty crime in Ming Dynasty, and then analyzes the enlightenment of the experience and lessons from the punishment and prevention of duty crime in Ming Dynasty on the present stage of our country.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D929;D924.3

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前2條

1 陳淑麗;明朝官吏職務(wù)犯罪研究[D];吉林大學;2005年

2 徐克勉;明代監(jiān)察制度探析[D];西南政法大學;2007年

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本文編號：1637527