本文選題：中世紀(jì)　切入點：西歐　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：公元476年,西羅馬帝國在蠻族的入侵戰(zhàn)爭中滅亡,西歐進(jìn)入漫長的中世紀(jì)時期。此時的西歐各國處于封建割據(jù)的狀態(tài),沒有一個統(tǒng)一而有力的中央政權(quán),基督教會通過宗教信仰的力量,逐漸形成以教皇為中心的、等級森嚴(yán)的權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu),同時也逐漸發(fā)展出屬于自己的一套完整的法律體系與法律制度。中世紀(jì)教會對西歐社會的影響涉及到人們生活的各個方面,成為推動西歐社會發(fā)展的重要動力。家庭是社會的基本單元,教會深知對人們婚姻家庭生活的管控有利于實現(xiàn)對西歐社會的管理與控制�；橐龇芍贫仁墙虝ǖ闹匾M成部分,從3世紀(jì)開始的一些零散的教規(guī)教令到13世紀(jì)龐大的教會法規(guī)體系,教會從未中止過對信徒們婚姻家庭的管控。教會婚姻法律制度的形成,有其深厚的神學(xué)和法學(xué)思想基礎(chǔ),雖然教會法學(xué)家從未把《圣經(jīng)》“降低”為一部律法書,而是將其奉作經(jīng)典,但是教會法的許多思想精髓都來源于《圣經(jīng)》。《圣經(jīng)》中包含大量對婚姻教導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容,幾乎所有的神學(xué)家和教會法學(xué)家在對婚姻法律制度的闡釋和論述時都要到《圣經(jīng)》中尋找理論依據(jù),并將此視為最具說服力的論據(jù)。在12和13世紀(jì),教會首次系統(tǒng)化了其關(guān)于婚姻的圣禮神學(xué)和教會法。教會教導(dǎo)信徒,婚姻是由上帝所設(shè)立,目的是生養(yǎng)眾多,夫妻之間應(yīng)當(dāng)相互友愛,和睦相處。教會還教導(dǎo)信徒,婚姻是一個契約單位,由雙方當(dāng)事人自愿、合意締結(jié)而形成,任何人不得強(qiáng)迫他人訂立婚約或結(jié)婚。教會鼓勵想締結(jié)婚姻的男女要在親友及上帝的見證下,在教堂里以莊嚴(yán)的婚姻儀式公開完成婚禮。教會將婚姻作為基督教圣禮之一,神圣而永恒,一經(jīng)締結(jié),不可解除。相比較充斥著家長權(quán)威的羅馬婚姻法律制度以及粗俗野蠻的日耳曼婚姻法律制度,教會婚姻法律制度形成較晚,因此,教會婚姻法律制度吸收了大量了羅馬及日耳曼婚姻法律制度的元素。教會婚姻法律制度對西方社會產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響,奠定了西方婚姻法律制度基本的發(fā)展方向。
[Abstract]:In 476 AD, the Western Roman Empire perished in the invasion war of the barbarians, and Western Europe entered a long medieval period. At that time, the western European countries were in a state of feudal separation, without a unified and powerful central regime. Through the power of religious belief, the Christian Church gradually formed a heavily hierarchical authority centered on the pope. At the same time, it also gradually developed its own set of complete legal system and legal system. The influence of medieval churches on Western European society involves all aspects of people's life. The family is the basic unit of society. The Church is well aware that the control of people's marriage and family life is conducive to the administration and control of Western European society. The legal system of marriage is an important part of church law, From the scattered rules and regulations that began in 3th century to the huge church legal system in 13th century, the church never ceased to control the marriage and family of believers. The formation of the legal system of church marriage has its deep theological and legal ideological foundation. Although church jurists never "degrade" the Bible as a law book, but instead consecrate it as a scripture, much of the ideological essence of church law comes from the Bible. The Bible contains a great deal of teaching about marriage. Almost all theologians and church jurists, in their interpretation and discourse of the legal system of marriage, go to the Bible to find the theoretical basis and regard it as the most convincing argument. In December and 13th century, For the first time, the church systematized its sacramental theology and church law on marriage. The church taught believers that marriage was established by God to give birth to a large number of couples and that couples should be friendly and in harmony. The church also taught believers. Marriage is a contractual unit formed by the voluntary and consensual conclusion of a marriage by the parties. No one shall force another person to enter into a marriage or marry. The church encourages men and women who wish to enter into marriage to be witnessed by their relatives, friends and God, To perform a wedding in public in a solemn marriage ceremony in a church. The church regards marriage as one of the Christian sacraments, sacred and eternal, once it has been concluded, Compared with the Roman marriage law system, which is full of patriarchal authority, and the vulgar and barbaric Germanic marriage law system, the church marriage law system was formed later, so, The church marriage law system absorbed a large number of elements of Roman and Germanic marriage legal system, which had a great influence on the western society and laid the basic development direction of the western marriage law system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D909.1

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