本文選題：突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件　切入點：美國政府　出處：《東北師范大學》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：人類與傳染病的斗爭已有上千年的歷史,天花、黑死病、1918年紐約大流感都在人類的歷史上刻下了陰森森的恐懼。突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件除去這種自然爆發(fā)的形態(tài)以外,有些傳染病的病毒如天花、霍亂也可以成為生物戰(zhàn)劑,變成戰(zhàn)爭武器,即生物武器,其目的就是“蓄意疾病”,它對戰(zhàn)后尤其是冷戰(zhàn)后的美國政治安全、軍事安全、經(jīng)濟安全和公共安全構(gòu)成了越來越大的威脅。冷戰(zhàn)的結(jié)束使新的因素不斷被注入到國家安全問題中來,從而不斷衍生出新的問題和矛盾,由傳染病所引發(fā)的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件和生物恐怖主義,對各國國家安全政策的制定產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響。美國作為冷戰(zhàn)后唯一的超級大國,其國家安全受非傳統(tǒng)國家安全因素的影響最為深遠�！�9.11”及之后的炭疽桿菌事件,將美國國家安全的內(nèi)涵由傳統(tǒng)意義上的政治、軍事安全擴展到經(jīng)濟安全、生態(tài)安全、資源安全、信息安全、文化安全、公共安全、科技安全、食品安全等諸多領(lǐng)域,生物恐怖所導(dǎo)致的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件從根本上改變了美國國家安全政策的發(fā)展軌跡。本文選取1992-2008年這一時期美國國家安全視野中的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件對策研究作為研究題目,試圖利用美國政府的公開文檔、解密文檔及相關(guān)的研究成果,探索從克林頓政府到喬治·W·布什政府這一時限內(nèi)美國國家安全視野中突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件對策的發(fā)展進程。從而揭示出由傳染病引發(fā)的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件對美國國家安全政策的巨大影響；作為雙方構(gòu)建的結(jié)果,美國國家安全政策又在何種程度、以何種方式影響了美國政府突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件應(yīng)對政策的制定。本文采用史論結(jié)合、點面結(jié)合、微觀視角與宏觀視角相結(jié)合以及比較的研究方法,擬達到四個研究目的：(1)通過對克林頓政府和喬治·W·布什政府應(yīng)對突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件政策的闡述和分析,探求異同,揭示出其發(fā)展變化的規(guī)律；(2)通過對突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件與美國國家安全二者之間關(guān)系的考察,探究突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件與美國國家安全政策相互影響、相互構(gòu)建過程；(3)通過考察美國政府內(nèi)部各應(yīng)急管理部門對應(yīng)對突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件的不同主張,揭示出美國各政治勢力對應(yīng)對突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件政策和美國國家安全政策制定的影響力；(4)通過對1992年至2008年美國應(yīng)對突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件政策研究中的一些案例分析,進一步探討相關(guān)的國際關(guān)系理論的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Human struggle against infectious diseases has been going on for thousands of years. Smallpox, the Black death, and in 1918 the New York pandemic has engraved a grim fear in human history. Public health emergencies aside from this natural outbreak, Some infectious diseases such as smallpox, cholera can also become biological warfare agents, become weapons of war, that is, biological weapons, its purpose is "deliberate disease," it is post-war, especially after the cold war, the political security of the United States, military security, Economic and public security pose an increasing threat. With the end of the cold war, new factors are constantly being injected into national security issues, thus creating new problems and contradictions. Public health emergencies and bioterrorism caused by infectious diseases have had a profound impact on the formulation of national security policies. Its national security is most profoundly affected by non-traditional national security factors. The September 11 incident and the subsequent anthrax incident extended the connotation of American national security from traditional political and military security to economic security, ecological security, and resource security. Information security, cultural security, public security, science and technology security, food security and many other fields, The emergent public health events caused by bioterrorism have fundamentally changed the development trajectory of the national security policy of the United States. In this paper, the countermeasures of public health emergencies in the field of national security from 1992 to 2008 are selected as the research topics. Trying to use the U.S. government's public documents, declassified documents, and related research results, To explore the development process of the public health emergency response in the national security vision from the Clinton administration to the George W. Bush administration, thus revealing the impact of infectious diseases on public health emergencies in the United States. The enormous impact of home security policies; As a result of the two sides' construction, what extent and how did the national security policy of the United States affect the formulation of the policy of the United States government to deal with public health emergencies. A combination of microscopic and macro perspectives and comparative research methods, designed to achieve four research objectives: 1) through the elaboration and analysis of the Clinton administration and George W. Bush administration's policies to deal with public health emergencies, the similarities and differences are explored. By examining the relationship between public health emergencies and national security in the United States, this paper explores the interaction between public health emergencies and national security policies in the United States. By examining the different opinions of various emergency management departments within the United States Government on responding to public health emergencies, This paper reveals the influence of various American political forces on the policy of responding to public health emergencies and the formulation of national security policy. Through some case studies from 1992 to 2008, this paper makes a case study on the policy of responding to public health emergencies in the United States. To further explore the development of relevant international relations theory.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D971.2

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本文編號：1605548