本文選題：信托　切入點(diǎn)：受托人　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：信托是一項(xiàng)古老的制度，，是英美法系中最具有特色的部分。它起源于英國，伴隨英國衡平法的產(chǎn)生而發(fā)展。一般而言，信托具有三方當(dāng)事人，即委托人、受托人以及受益人。其中，受托人是最重要的信托當(dāng)事人，法律上講，他持有委托人轉(zhuǎn)移于他的信托財(cái)產(chǎn)，并且為受益人的利益管理、運(yùn)用這些財(cái)產(chǎn)，即所謂的“受人之托、代人理財(cái)”。隨著十九至二十世紀(jì)信托法現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的過程中，受托人發(fā)生了巨大的轉(zhuǎn)變。例如，如何使受托人為了受益人的利益管理信托財(cái)產(chǎn)，防止受托人利用信托為自己謀取利益成為了信托法的重要內(nèi)容。 在英國信托法現(xiàn)代化的步伐中，公共受托人的創(chuàng)設(shè)是英國信托發(fā)展史上重要的一步，它開創(chuàng)了個人受托向法人受托的轉(zhuǎn)變，從無償受托向有償受托的轉(zhuǎn)變，從單純的個人之間形成的信托關(guān)系向個人與法人、法人與法人之間的信托關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)變，這些加快了英國信托業(yè)的發(fā)展。 英國公共受托人制度根據(jù)1906年《公共受托人法》確立起來，此制度非英國之獨(dú)創(chuàng)，而是借鑒于新西蘭的公共受托人制度。該制度在英國之建立基于傳統(tǒng)信托的缺陷：道德義務(wù)、自身利益和實(shí)踐需要，使受托人日漸無法跟上時代的發(fā)展，導(dǎo)致欺詐罪的頻發(fā)。信托法現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展，信托數(shù)量的增加等因素，受托人因違反受托義務(wù)的責(zé)難也與之增加。伴隨著霍華德·文森特爵士長期不懈的努力，從而使得公共受托人得以確立。 然而公共受托人的發(fā)展卻歷經(jīng)坎坷，經(jīng)歷了戰(zhàn)爭的洗禮、自身財(cái)政的起伏跌宕、內(nèi)部管理的混亂、官方的不支持、外部環(huán)境的發(fā)展變化等，以及1925年《受托人法》的頒布實(shí)施，對公共受托人帶來了深刻的影響。經(jīng)過穆雷調(diào)查委員會和霍姆斯委員會的調(diào)查，進(jìn)一步地導(dǎo)致辦公室在1987年與其他的機(jī)構(gòu)的合并，最終使英國公共受托人80年的獨(dú)立存在形式宣告結(jié)束。 分析公共受托人整個變遷過程，其衰落主要基于三點(diǎn)原因：在法律借鑒過程中的沖突性，移植新西蘭的公共受托人制度時，英國做出了一些不同于新西蘭的做法；公共受托人制度在英國發(fā)展的曲折性，當(dāng)公共受托人處在十字路口之時，調(diào)查委員會的調(diào)查報(bào)告以及議會當(dāng)局的不支持，致使公共受托人的發(fā)展身負(fù)艱難，舉步維艱；公共受托人的法律傳統(tǒng)，促使公共受托人發(fā)展緩慢，最終走向衰落。
[Abstract]:Trust is an ancient system, which is the most characteristic part of Anglo-American law system. It originated in England and developed with the emergence of British equity law. Generally speaking, trust has three parties, that is, the principal. The trustee and the beneficiary. The trustee is the most important trust party. Legally speaking, he holds the trust property transferred to him by the principal and manages it for the benefit of the beneficiary. With the modernization of trust law from 19 to 20th century, great changes have taken place in the trustee. For example, how to make the trustee manage the trust property for the benefit of the beneficiary, Preventing the trustee from using the trust to seek profit for himself has become an important content of the trust law. In the modernization of trust law in England, the creation of public trustee is an important step in the history of British trust. It creates the transition from individual trust to legal person trust, from free trust to paid trust. The transformation from the trust relationship formed between the individual and the individual to the trust relationship between the individual and the legal person and between the legal person and the legal person has accelerated the development of the trust industry in England. The British public trustee system was established in accordance with the Public Trustee Act of 1906. Instead, it draws lessons from New Zealand's system of public trustees, which is based on the defects of traditional trusts in Britain: moral obligations, self-interest and practical needs, which make trustees increasingly unable to keep up with the development of the times. That led to the high incidence of fraud, the modernization of the trust law, the increase in the number of trusts, and so on, and the fiduciary responsibility for breach of fiduciary obligations. And it was accompanied by Sir Howard Vincent's unremitting efforts over a long period of time. So that public trustees can be established. However, the development of public trustees has experienced ups and downs, experienced the baptism of war, the ups and downs of their own finances, the confusion of internal management, the lack of official support, the development and change of the external environment, etc. The promulgation of the Trustee Act on 1925 had a profound impact on public trustees. The investigation by the Murray investigation Commission and the Homs Commission further led to the merger of the Office with other institutions in 1987. Finally, the 80-year independent form of British public trustees came to an end. Analyzing the whole vicissitude process of public trustee, its decline is mainly based on three reasons: the conflict in the process of legal reference, when transplanting New Zealand's public trustee system, Britain has made some different ways from New Zealand; When the public trustees are at the crossroads, the investigation report of the commission of inquiry and the lack of support from the parliamentary authorities make the development of the public trustees difficult and difficult. The legal tradition of public trustees makes the development of public trustees slow and eventually decline.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D956.1;DD912.28

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本文編號：1600029