發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-05 11:38

  本文選題：民事糾紛　切入點(diǎn)：州縣官員　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：民事糾紛雖然在清代被稱為細(xì)故,不被重視。但是它與人們的日常生活息息相關(guān),解決不好會引發(fā)各種社會問題。對于百姓而言就是浪費(fèi)精力、物力、財(cái)力來縣控告,荒廢農(nóng)業(yè)；對于政府衙門來說就是百姓纏訴,不得其煩,嚴(yán)重?cái)_亂政府機(jī)構(gòu)的辦公秩序和浪費(fèi)國家的審判資源。另一方面官員政績考核時(shí),政事一項(xiàng)以“通達(dá)明治”為上等,“訟清獄結(jié)”是其重要標(biāo)志。因此民事糾紛妥善圓滿解決是州縣官員的職責(zé)所在,是其政績考核的內(nèi)容之一。 本分從選擇的三本判牘出發(fā),研讀批詞、判詞,從中找尋民事案件在古代能夠妥善解決的原因。雖然法律規(guī)定民事案件的最終審判權(quán)在于州縣官員,也就是說民事案件在清朝實(shí)行一審終審制,從法律上杜絕了當(dāng)事人上訴的權(quán)利。但民事案件當(dāng)事人卻是可以纏訴的。為此,州縣官員采取措施杜絕民事案件當(dāng)事人纏訴就值得研究一番了。 本文分為五個(gè)部分 第一本分是緒論,主要是對相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行界定,以方便論述。這部分?jǐn)⑹隽酥菘h官員及其特點(diǎn)。因清代諸法合體,民、刑不分,所以依照現(xiàn)行法學(xué)界的通行觀點(diǎn)對清代的民事案件進(jìn)行界定。 第二部分著重寫民事糾紛的調(diào)解方式。州縣官依據(jù)調(diào)解原則,采取不同的調(diào)解方案來解決具有不同社會關(guān)系的當(dāng)事人之間的民事糾紛,在此基礎(chǔ)上總結(jié)調(diào)解結(jié)案的特點(diǎn)。 第三部分詳寫民事糾紛的判決,總結(jié)出不同當(dāng)事人之間的民事判決的特點(diǎn),并將有傷風(fēng)化的案件作為一個(gè)特例闡述。 第四部分論述州縣官員不予處理的案件,分析不予處理案件的特點(diǎn)及被州縣官員拒之門外的原因。 第五部分是本文的重點(diǎn)部分。這部分是在前四部分的基礎(chǔ)上來探析州縣官員采取三種不同方式處理民事糾紛所體現(xiàn)的審判精神和思想。 結(jié)語部分論述了州縣官員的處理民事糾紛的方式方法對我國現(xiàn)代司法審判的借鑒意義。 州縣官員之所以采取訴調(diào)結(jié)合的方式解決民事糾紛一方面是由案件的性質(zhì)決定的,另一方面也與他們受到的教育背景有關(guān)。在清代州縣官員中的大多數(shù)是科舉出生,他們在解決民事糾紛時(shí)深受其教育背景的影響,儒家宣揚(yáng)的和合思想和愛民思想體現(xiàn)無遺。 這種訴調(diào)結(jié)合的解決民事糾紛的方式對我國現(xiàn)在的民事糾紛的解決提供了很好的借鑒作用。一方面調(diào)解方案必須合情合理；另一方面加強(qiáng)調(diào)解方案的權(quán)威性,可執(zhí)行性。
[Abstract]:Although civil disputes were called fine old in the Qing Dynasty, they were not taken seriously. But they are closely related to people's daily lives and can lead to various social problems. For the people, it is a waste of energy, material resources, and financial resources to bring charges at the county level. Derelict agriculture; for the government yamen, the people are entangled in litigation, not bothering them, seriously disrupting the office order of government agencies and wasting the country's judicial resources. On the other hand, when officials assess their achievements, The "clear prison knot" is an important symbol of the government affairs. Therefore, the proper settlement of civil disputes is the duty of the state and county officials, and one of the contents of their achievements assessment. This part starts from the three selected judgments, studies criticism and judgments, and finds out from them the reasons why civil cases could be properly resolved in ancient times. Although the law stipulates that the ultimate jurisdiction for civil cases lies with state and county officials, That is to say, in the Qing Dynasty, the first instance system of final appeal was implemented in civil cases, which legally eliminated the right of the parties to appeal. However, the parties in civil cases can be entangled in litigation. For this reason, State and county officials take measures to put an end to litigants in civil cases is worth a study. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is the introduction, which mainly defines the relevant concepts in order to facilitate the exposition. This part narrates the state and county officials and their characteristics. Therefore, according to the prevailing views of the legal circles, the civil cases of Qing Dynasty are defined. The second part focuses on the mediation methods of civil disputes. State and county officials adopt different mediation schemes to solve civil disputes between parties with different social relations according to the mediation principles. On this basis they summarize the characteristics of mediation and settlement. The third part details the judgment of civil dispute, summarizes the characteristics of civil judgment between different parties, and elaborates the case of indecency as a special case. Part 4th discusses the cases that state and county officials do not deal with, analyzes the characteristics of not handling cases and the reasons why state and county officials shut out the cases. Part 5th is the key part of this article. This part is based on the first four parts to explore the state and county officials to take three different ways to deal with civil disputes reflected in the spirit and ideas of the trial. The conclusion part discusses the ways and means of state and county officials to deal with civil disputes. The reason why state and county officials adopt the combination of litigation and mediation to resolve civil disputes is, on the one hand, determined by the nature of the case, on the other hand, related to their educational background. In the Qing Dynasty, most of the state and county officials were born under the imperial examination. They were deeply influenced by their educational background in resolving civil disputes, and the Confucian thought of harmony and love for the people was fully embodied. This way of solving civil disputes combined with litigation provides a good reference for the settlement of civil disputes in our country. On the one hand, the mediation scheme must be reasonable and reasonable; on the other hand, the authority and enforceability of the mediation scheme should be strengthened.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D929;D925.1

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本文編號：1570130