本文選題：凱爾森　切入點：基礎(chǔ)規(guī)范　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2011年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：漢斯·凱爾森作為二十世紀(jì)最偉大的法學(xué)家之一,其影響之廣大,聲譽之隆盛都是少見,凱爾森有此殊榮很大程度上源于他在法哲學(xué)方面的深厚造詣,沒有他在法哲學(xué)方面對于純粹法學(xué)的堅持,成就他最偉大的法學(xué)家的殊榮是不可想象的。但是,對于凱爾森的研究就不像肯定他的名聲那么一致,大家對于凱爾森的研究最多歧見,這可以說是影響巨大的人物的一般命運。盡管如此,本文還是力圖從本質(zhì)上把握凱爾森法哲學(xué)的精神實質(zhì),而且希望能從中得到實際的教益,為我們社會主義法制建設(shè)服務(wù)。 筆者認(rèn)為,凱爾森的思想的重要性不在細(xì)節(jié),而在于他奉獻(xiàn)給了法哲學(xué)思想中兩個閃光的瑰寶。第一個瑰寶是他給予了哲學(xué)和法律兩個領(lǐng)域以一個全新的純粹法學(xué)的概念,第二個瑰寶是他奉獻(xiàn)了一個針對正義問題上的一個系統(tǒng)的與純粹法學(xué)思想相一致的針對策略。所謂純粹法學(xué)的概念就是力圖把形而上學(xué)的道德學(xué)說和事實科學(xué)的方式方法與法學(xué)領(lǐng)域嚴(yán)格區(qū)別開來,以實現(xiàn)就法律本身所固有的規(guī)則性的本性來對待法律現(xiàn)象,建立法定的規(guī)范體系和規(guī)范秩序,為國家生活和國際關(guān)系的永久正義與和平奠定基礎(chǔ)。對待正義問題,凱爾森有一個系統(tǒng)的解決的策略:形而上學(xué)問題是理解問題,正義問題的解決是保證正義的規(guī)范問題,而司法問題是建立有效的規(guī)范系統(tǒng)的問題。這三個問題的相對區(qū)分是建立現(xiàn)代司法獨立和法治社會的基本觀念。但就現(xiàn)代社會的法律實踐而言,純粹法學(xué)的觀念和策略奠定了現(xiàn)代法治社會的一個方面的基礎(chǔ)。凱爾森的純粹法學(xué)理想已經(jīng)不是書齋里的學(xué)問,而是資本主義發(fā)展成熟時期的最重要的現(xiàn)實�，F(xiàn)在學(xué)術(shù)界對于凱爾森思想的探討經(jīng)常沒有針對凱爾森這樣一個完整的策略,僅僅針對其中的一個部分實施解析通常是誤入歧途的。本文的解析也許找到了正確理解凱爾森思想方法的道路。果真如此,實感冥冥之中,大師垂恩,萬分幸運! 在法哲學(xué)領(lǐng)域,凱爾森歸屬于分析實證主義法學(xué)陣營。由于凱爾森具有深厚的哲學(xué)底蘊,他在汲取科學(xué)實證分析方法致力于法律科學(xué)化的同時,對精神科學(xué)中傳承的人文精神予以拯救和保留,開啟了規(guī)范科學(xué)的邏輯分析實證方法,并將該方法貫徹其純粹法理論的整個法律規(guī)范體系。凱爾森不僅致力于法律學(xué)成為一門獨立的科學(xué),而且希望法律科學(xué)能為二十世紀(jì)的國家生活秩序和國際生活秩序奠定理性的基礎(chǔ),通過法治解決國家內(nèi)部、國家之間的矛盾和沖突,以實現(xiàn)世界的永久和平。凱爾森的法哲學(xué)思想的重要之處在于他把規(guī)范科學(xué)的實證化和邏輯分析方法貫徹到了法律思想體系的創(chuàng)建中。 本文首先分析了純粹法理論的哲學(xué)背景,試圖梳理出純粹法理論體系的形成脈絡(luò),探究凱爾森純粹法哲學(xué)的基本立場和方法,主要研究了凱爾森生活的時代背景以及一些哲學(xué)家和法學(xué)家對凱爾森理論建構(gòu)產(chǎn)生的影響。 其次,對凱爾森如何建立純粹的和獨立的法律規(guī)范系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究。這部分主要論述凱爾森如何厘清法和道德(正義)之間以及法律現(xiàn)實和自然現(xiàn)實之間的關(guān)系。法和道德雖同屬于規(guī)范,但道德規(guī)范多是無條件的命令,而且多表現(xiàn)為抽象的原則,且道德呈現(xiàn)出多樣性的態(tài)勢,不同民族、文化背景的人,有著不同的道德觀念,具有非常強的主觀性。法律規(guī)范則具有一定的客觀性,具有很強的可操作性,能夠成為一體遵行的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因此在建構(gòu)法律科學(xué)的過程中,盡量摒除道德對法律的干擾,以實現(xiàn)法律的純粹。法律事實作為人為規(guī)定的權(quán)利義務(wù)之因果關(guān)系聯(lián)結(jié)點,和自然事實的因果關(guān)系是有很大差異的。完全運用自然科學(xué)的因果關(guān)系法則之實證分析方式會毀掉法律科學(xué)中的人文精神。凱爾森將法的研究范圍局限于國家制定的實在法,將法界定為治理社會的可操作的特殊技術(shù)規(guī)范。 第三是論述了純粹法學(xué)的國家和法的學(xué)說。該部分分析了凱爾森如何構(gòu)建的法的層級規(guī)范系統(tǒng),從靜態(tài)法體系到動態(tài)法體系,法規(guī)范的層級效力的關(guān)系。重點分析了凱爾森預(yù)設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)規(guī)范理論的性質(zhì),基礎(chǔ)規(guī)范理論作為法律規(guī)范秩序的邏輯起點和最終效力來源,是純粹法理論體系的基石。在憲法作為國內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)規(guī)范意義上的基礎(chǔ)上,將國家定位為法學(xué)實體,邏輯論證國家和法律的一元化,為實現(xiàn)國家的法治化奠定理性基礎(chǔ)。 第四論述了純粹法學(xué)的國際法觀念。這部分主要體現(xiàn)了凱爾森的避免世界戰(zhàn)爭、實現(xiàn)國際社會和平的理想。主要分析凱爾森如何將國際法律秩序定位為國內(nèi)法律秩序的基礎(chǔ)規(guī)范的意義上,從而實現(xiàn)了國內(nèi)法和國際法的一元論,確立國際法的神圣地位。意圖國際社會的爭端不再通過國家間的戰(zhàn)爭,而能通過法治化的渠道解決,實現(xiàn)國際社會的法治化。 最后聯(lián)系我國完善社會主義法制和法治社會的需要,提出了凱爾森法哲學(xué)對中國法治建設(shè)的若干啟示。純粹法理論結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、邏輯自洽,其采用的方法論對中國的法學(xué)研究范式起到補充的作用;純粹法理論作為面向司法領(lǐng)域的法哲學(xué),對我國司法獨立的建構(gòu)有著重要啟示價值。凱氏的思想批判也許必要,但給我們的教益恐怕更多,本文希望能夠?qū)@些教益展示其一二。
[Abstract]:Hans Kelsen as one of the greatest jurists in twentieth Century, the influence of the majority, reputation Longsheng are rare, Kelsen this award is largely due to his deep attainments in the philosophy of law, without him in the philosophy of law for pure law insist, his greatest achievement award of jurists is unthinkable. However, the study on Kelsen is not sure of his reputation so consistent, most people study for Kelsen differences, which can be said to be influential figures in the general fate. Nevertheless, this paper is trying to grasp the essence of Kelsen's philosophy of law in essence, but also hope to get from lessons for we serve the construction of socialist legal system.
The author believes that the importance of Kelsen's thought in detail, but that he gave the treasure two flash law philosophy. The first is the treasure he gave two fields of philosophy and law to a brand-new concept of pure law, second treasure for his dedication to the consistent one system to the issue of justice and pure jurisprudence thought for strategy. The concept of the so-called pure theory of law is to put the moral theory and the fact that the scientific methods of metaphysics and law field distinguish strictly, in order to achieve the legal rules ofinherent laws of nature to deal with the phenomenon, to establish and standardize the order of legal system and lay the foundation for permanent peace and justice national life and international relations. The justice problems, Kelsen has a system to solve the strategy: metaphysics is understood to ask To solve the problem, the problem of justice is to ensure that the norms of justice issues, and judicial problems is to establish effective regulatory system. The distinction between these three issues is to establish the basic concept of modern judicial independence and the rule of law. But in terms of legal practice in modern society, concepts and Strategies of pure law school established the modern rule of law based on an aspect of society. Kelsen's ideal is not the pure law book knowledge, but the mature period of capitalist development the most important reality. Now the academia study on Kelsen's thought there is often no needle such a comprehensive strategy for Kelsen, only for a part of the implementation of resolution is usually misguided. Analysis of this article may have found the right way of thinking to understand Kelsen. If so, the real sense of destiny, the master down well, very lucky!
In the field of philosophy of law, Kelsen belongs to the analyticaljurisprudence camp. Because Kelsen has profound philosophical background, he devoted himself to scientific laws while drawing on scientific analysis method, to be saved and kept on the humanistic spirit heritage of the spirit of science, open scientific logic specification empirical analysis method, and the method carry out the pure theory of law of the legal system. Kelsen not only committed to law as an independent science, legal science and hope to lay a rational foundation for the twentieth Century national life and international life and order to solve within the country by the rule of law, the contradictions and conflicts between countries, to achieve lasting peace in the world. The importance of Kelsen's law philosophy is that he put the norms of scientific evidence and logical analysis method to implement the system of legal thought In the creation of.
This paper first analyzes the philosophical background of the pure theory of law, trying to sort out the formation process of the pure theory of law system, the basic standpoint and research method of Kelsen's pure philosophy of law, mainly on the background of Kelsen life and the influence of some philosophers and jurists on Kelsen's theory construction.
Secondly, the study of Kelsen pure and independent system of legal norms. This part mainly discusses how to establish the Kelsen how to clarify the law and morality (Justice) and the relationship between legal and natural reality. Law and morality belong to the same specification, but morality is unconditional order, and more performance for the abstract the principle of moral and the diversity of the situation, different nationalities, cultural backgrounds, have different moral values, with very strong subjectivity. The legal norms is a certain objectivity, strong operability, can become one of the compliance standards. Therefore, in the construction process of the legal science try to keep the law, moral interference, in order to achieve the law. The legal facts as purely man-made rules causal obligations of the right relation between points, causal relationship and natural fact there is a big difference The way of empirical analysis of natural science by using the rule of causality of natural science will destroy the spirit of humanity in legal science. Kelsen confined the scope of law to the reality law formulated by the state, and defined it as an operable special technical criterion governing the society.
Chapter third introduces the state and the law of pure law theory. This part analyzes how to construct the system of Kelsen's hierarchy of norms of law, law system from static to dynamic system, relationship between the power of the law norm level. The key point is the analysis of Kelsen's theory of basic norm of presupposition, basic theory as the logical starting point of legal norms standardize the order and ultimate effectiveness of the sources, is the cornerstone of a purely theoretical system of law. In the constitution as the basic norms based on the significance, will be positioned as a legal entity, a unified logical state and law, in order to realize the legalization of the state lays the foundation.
The fourth discusses the concept of international law. The pure theory of law, this part reflects Kelsen avoid a world war, the international community to achieve the ideal of peace. It mainly analyzes Kelsen how to locate the international legal order basis for the domestic legal order of normative significance, so as to achieve the domestic law and international law monism, the establishment of international law is sacred position. The intention of the international community dispute is no longer by the war between countries, and through the rule of law in the implementation of the international community channels to solve the rule of law.
At last, perfect socialist legal system and rule of law in our country, puts forward some enlightenment of Kelsen's philosophy of law for the construction of the rule of law. Chinese pure law theory structured, self consistent logic, the methodology used in the study of law Chinese plays a complementary role; the pure theory of law as the philosophy of law for the judicial field have important implications for the construction of judicial independence in our country. The critique of Kjeldahl may be necessary, but I'm afraid we give lessons more, we hope to show the one or two of these lessons.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D909

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 丁汀;凱爾森、哈特法律效力論之比較分析[D];華東政法大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：1564607