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  本文關(guān)鍵詞： GPRA GPEA 政府績效評估　出處：《吉林大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：對行政機關(guān)權(quán)力的限制應從內(nèi)部與外部入手,缺一不可,因此,行政自制作為民主和法制的支撐之一得到越來越多學者的支持與認可。行政自制并非是行政機關(guān)主觀意義上的自我限制,更多意義上是對行政機關(guān)的行政行為進行一種制度上的建構(gòu),并保證行政機關(guān)合法合理的適用這一良善制度,而完善的立法對制度的施行起到了保駕護航的作用。績效評估作為政府自我約束,自我完善,自我追求良治的一種手段,在許多國家獲得了良好的實踐,并且政府績效評估法制化,制度化已成為許多國家發(fā)展績效評估制度的一種趨勢。目前,國內(nèi)許多法律學者,從法律人的角度,對相對成熟完善的績效評估立法做了詳細的介紹,并對我國的相關(guān)立法進行了有益探索,主要論文有,林鴻潮的《美國政府績效評估評述》,董幼斌的《日本政府政策評價及其對建構(gòu)我國政策評價制度的啟示——兼析日本政策評價法》,張紅的《我國政府績效評估立法構(gòu)想》等。 政府績效評估制度在美國由來己久,并于1993年頒布了《政府績效與結(jié)果法》,是世界范圍內(nèi)第一部對政府績效評估進行全面規(guī)范的法律,成為政府績效評估領(lǐng)域的代表性立法,也成為克林頓政府改革取得成功的關(guān)鍵。GPRA的特點可以概括為適用的普遍性,組織建構(gòu)的特定性,運行的靈活性,評估的結(jié)果導向性,戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃長短結(jié)合,法案適用的漸進性。戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃,年度績效規(guī)劃,年度績效報告必須在規(guī)定的時間內(nèi),以規(guī)定的程序向國會提交,國會在了解政府工作情況前,及時指導和改進政府績效。由此,美國的政府績效改革得以迅速推進。 日本在與美國有一些相同點的基礎(chǔ)上又有自己的特點。首先,政府績效評估對象有一定的范疇,日本主要評估的是政府各部門在研究開發(fā),公共事業(yè)和政府開發(fā)援助特定領(lǐng)域的評估。其次,日本更為注重發(fā)揮專家學者在政府績效評估過程中的作用。再次,日本在評估過程中向公眾公開,更重視透明度。最后,在政策評估方式上也并非一概而論,而是根據(jù)評估的事項不同,方式選擇有所倚重。 目前,國內(nèi)在政府績效評估領(lǐng)域的立法相對比較空白,但部分政府部門和民間組織已進行了不同程度的實踐,為立法奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ),因此我國完全可以以成熟的法律系統(tǒng)為借鑒,制定出完善的法律,促進政府行政能力的提升,實現(xiàn)服務(wù)型政府建設(shè)的目標。
[Abstract]:From the internal and external restrictions on the administrative organ of power, therefore, are indispensable, administrative self as one of the democratic and legal support to get the support and recognition of more and more scholars. The administrative organ administrative self is not subjective sense of self limitation, more significance is to construct a system of administrative actions, and to ensure the lawful and reasonable administrative organs for the good system, and improve the legislation on the implementation of the system has played the role of escort. As the government performance evaluation of self-discipline, self-improvement, self seeking a means of good governance, obtained good practice in many countries, and the government performance evaluation system that system has become a trend for developing the system of performance evaluation. At present, many domestic legal scholars, from the legal perspective, the relatively mature and perfect. Effect evaluation of legislation in detail, and the legislation of our country has carried on the beneficial exploration, the main thesis, review of American government performance measurement > > Lin Hongchao, the Japanese government policy of Dong Youbin and Its Enlightenment for the construction of "China's policy evaluation system -- Analysis on the policy evaluation >, legislative conception Zhang Hong's < > and so on assessment of government performance in China.
The government performance evaluation system in the United States has a long history, and in 1993 promulgated the "government performance and Results Act", is the world's first to assess the performance of the government to conduct a comprehensive specification of the law, become the representative of government performance evaluation in the field of legislation, the Clinton administration reform has also become the key to success of.GPRA characteristics can be summarized as a universal application, specific organizational construction, operation flexibility, evaluation result oriented strategic planning, combined with the length, progressive bill application. Strategic planning, annual performance planning, annual performance report must be within a specified time, to the prescribed procedures submitted to Congress, Congress in the understanding of government work first, timely guidance and improvement of government performance. Thus, the government performance reform in the United States are rapidly advancing.
There are some similarities in Japan based on its own characteristics and with the United States. First of all, the government performance evaluation object of a certain category, Japan's main assessment of government departments in research and development, evaluation of public utilities and government development assistance in specific areas. Secondly, Japan is more emphasis on the role of experts and scholars in the government performance in the evaluation process. Thirdly, Japan in the evaluation process to the public, pay more attention to transparency. Finally, it is not in policy evaluation way to generalize, but according to the evaluation items of different methods are selected.
At present, China in the field of performance evaluation of government legislation is relatively blank, but some government departments and non-governmental organizations have been carried out in different degree, which laid a good foundation for legislation, so our country can completely mature legal system for reference, formulate perfect law, promote the government administrative ability, realize the goal of building a service-oriented government.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D971.2;D931.3;D922.1

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前3條

1 楊麒琦;公眾滿意度視角下的縣級政府績效評估研究[D];廣西師范學院;2012年

2 朱學耀;論我國農(nóng)村村級財務(wù)自主權(quán)的實現(xiàn)[D];華中師范大學;2012年

3 楊勝勇;我國縣級政府績效評估問題研究[D];中央民族大學;2012年

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本文編號：1550827